186 lines
16 KiB
XML
186 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_i" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form xml:id="form_d4892e66" type="lemma"><orth>i</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4892e72"><def xml:lang="ru">препозитивный определенный артикль</def><def xml:lang="en">prepositive definite article</def></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4892e78">
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<re xml:id="re_d4892e80">
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<form xml:id="form_d4892e82" type="lemma"><orth>i xæʒari</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4892e85"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в доме</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in the house</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4892e96">
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<form xml:id="form_d4892e98" type="lemma"><orth>i lægæ ma i osæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4892e101"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>муж и жена</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>husband and wife</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. Артикль этот существовал в прошлом и в
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иронском диалекте; этим только можно объяснить, что в именах (и
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акцентуальных группах), имеющих ударение на втором слоге, ударение
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переходит на первый, если речь идет об <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">определенном</hi> предмете:
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">bælás </hi> (какое-то) ‘дерево’; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bǽlas</hi> ‘определенное дерево’;
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очевидно, в последнем случае раньше стояло <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ibǽlas</hi>, где ударение, по
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закону акцентуальных групп, падало на второй слог группы, т. е. на
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первый слог слова; когда артикль в иронском отпал, перенос ударения на
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первый слог стал ассоциироваться с определенностью (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ДАН"/><biblScope>1924, стр.
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155</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. This article existed in the past in the
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Iron dialect as well; only by means of this fact the following
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phenomenon can be explained: in nouns (and accentual groups) with the
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stress on the second syllable, the first syllable becomes stressed if a
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">definite</hi> object is concerned: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bælás</hi> ‘a tree’; <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bǽlas</hi> ‘the
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tree’; it is evident that the latter case looked as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ibǽlas</hi>, where
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the stress fell on the second syllable of the accentual group according
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to the rule of accentual groups, i.e. on the first syllable of the
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word; when the article disappeared in Iron, the stress change became
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associated with definiteness (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ДАН"/><biblScope>1924, p. 155</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4892e127">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4892e129">
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<quote>ku raxælewtæ ‘j i ciwan agæj i saw zænxæbæl i tævdæ basæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>разлился из чугунного котла на черную землю горячий суп</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a hot soup poured out of the iron cauldron to the black soil</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>83</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4892e148">
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<quote>ew ǧæwi cardæj mægur zærond læg; i læg ramardæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в одном селении жил один старый человек; тот человек умер</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>an old man lived in a village; that man died</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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87</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4892e167">
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<quote>i duwwadæs dær sæ odtæ isistoncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>все двенадцать (человек) испустили дух</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>all the twelve (men) gave up the ghost</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 98</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4892e186">
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<quote>ka si tuxgindær æj i ærtemæj?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кто сильнее из трех?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>who is more strong out of these three (people)?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>9%l7–8%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4892e205">
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<quote>Asægo rabuni kodta i kizgi</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Асаго поборол девушку</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Asago conquered the girl</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>9%l11%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4892e225">
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<quote>i farni tunæ ærfelawidæ, wærzonʒinadæ ærfedar widæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>(тогда бы) разлились лучи фарна, (тогда бы) утвердилась любовь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>(then) the rays of farn (lit. divine grace) would spread, (then) the
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love would strengthen</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>29</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4892e244">
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<quote>ci zguli es i xani turǧi?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>что за смятение во дворе хана?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>what is this confusion in the khan's yard?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к относительному местоимению <hi rendition="#rend_italic">уа</hi>-, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e321" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e267" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>i</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (мужск. род)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e328" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e274" xml:lang="xco"><w>ya</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (женск.
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род)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e333" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e279" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>yw(←yam)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e338" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e284" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>ya-</w></mentioned> . Например: хорезм. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i zarδ</hi> ‘сердце’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yā οuγd</hi>
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‘дочь’; согд. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yw wrtn</hi> ‘колесница’; ав. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yəm angrəm</hi> ‘врага’ (винительный
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падеж) и т. д. Звуковое развитие <hi rendition="#rend_italic">уа</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> поддерживается в осетинском
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такими примерами, как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yazata</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">izad</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yakar</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">igær</hi>. Местоимение
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">уа-</hi> или <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hya-</hi> развилось, с другой стороны, в персидском в так называемую
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изафетную частицу <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>, служащую для связи определяемого с определением. Истоки
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и изафетного, и артикльного употребления могут быть прослежены до Авесты; ср., с
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одной стороны, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e343" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e289" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>daevō yō apaošo</w>
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<gloss><q>демон Апауша</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<bibl/> (Yašt 8 21); с другой — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e354" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e300" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aoi yam astvaitīm gaevam</w>
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<gloss><q>против телесного мира</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<bibl/> (Yasna 9 8). Мы можем поэтому рассматривать ос. артикль <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> и
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персидскую изафетную частицу <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> как развившееся в двух разных направлениях
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относительное местоимение.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>15—20</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>398</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to the relative pronoun <hi rendition="#rend_italic">уа</hi>-, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e267" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e321" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>i</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (masculine)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e274" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e328" xml:lang="xco"><w>ya</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (feminine)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e279" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e333" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>yw(←yam)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e284" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e338" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>ya-</w></mentioned>. For example: Khwarezmian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i zarδ</hi> ‘heart’, %iyā
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οuγd<hi rendition="#rend_italic"> ‘daughter’; Sogdian </hi>yw wrtn<hi rendition="#rend_italic"> ‘chariot’; Avestan </hi>yəm angrəm%i ‘enemy’
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(in accusative case) etc. The sound transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">уа</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> is supported in
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Ossetic by the following examples: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yazata</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">izad</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">yakar</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">igær</hi>.
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The pronoun <hi rendition="#rend_italic">уа-</hi> or <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hya-</hi>, on the other hand, developed in Persian into
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the so-called Ezafe particle <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>, which functions as a connector between a
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modified word and its modifier. Sources of both izafet and article use can be
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traced to Avesta; cf., on the one hand, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e289" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e343" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>daevō yō apaošo</w>
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<gloss><q>devil Apausha</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<bibl/> (Yašt 8 21); on the other hand — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4892e300" xml:id="mentioned_d4892e354" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aoi yam astvaitīm gaevam</w>
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<gloss><q>against corporeal world</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<bibl/> (Yasna 9 8). Therefore Ossetic article <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> and Persian Ezafe particle
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> can be considered as a relative pronoun, which has developed into two
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different directions.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>15—20</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>398</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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