121 lines
13 KiB
XML
121 lines
13 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kærdæg" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1873e66" type="lemma"><orth>kærdæg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1873e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>трава</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>grass</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1873e79">
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<form xml:id="form_d1873e81" type="lemma"><orth>kærdægx˳yz</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1873e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>зеленый</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> („цвета травы“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> („of grass colour“)</note></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1873e95">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1873e97">
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<quote>gal ma næ fæxīzy axæm cʼæx kærdægyl!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>волу ли не пастись на такой зеленой траве!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>should the ox not graze on such green grass!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Лексикализованное причастие от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/> ‘косить’; буквально „косимое“. Образования на
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">-æg</hi> от глаголов имеют обычно значение <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">активных</hi> причастий: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fyssæg</hi>
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‘пишущий’ (от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyssyn"/>), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūræg</hi> ‘просящий’ (от
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"/>) и т. п. Однако в некоторых случаях
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они получали медиальное или пассивное значение, например <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaræg"/> ‘песня’, ‘то, что поется’, а не только ‘поющий’,
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‘тот, кто поет’; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdæg"/> не только ‘смеющийся’,
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но и ‘смешной’, и др. См. „О залоговой недифференцированности причастий“
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>568
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сл.</biblScope></bibl>). Такое употребление следует считать древним; ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e215" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e134" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>ba(n)daka-</w>
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<gloss><q>раб</q></gloss></mentioned>, буквально ‘связанный’ (а не
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‘вяжущий’). — Для семантики ‘трава’ ← ‘косить’ ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e223" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e142" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Heu</w>
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<gloss><q>сено</q></gloss></mentioned> от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hauen</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Gras hauen</hi> ‘косить
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сено’); стало быть, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e231" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e150" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Heu</w></mentioned>, как осетинское <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg</hi>, означает собственно
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„подлежащее кошению“ („das zu Hauende'': <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Kluge</hi> s.v.); ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e236" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e155" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>nar</w>
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<gloss><q>трава</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e244" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e163" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><w>naran</w>
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<gloss><q>стричь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e170" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><w/>
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<gloss><q>брить</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><biblScope>Ahlquist</biblScope></bibl>). — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kærdæǵy stʼaly</hi>
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‘планета Венера’ (вечерняя; ср. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Bonværnon</hi> ‘утренняя Венера’), буквально
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„звезда травы“; ср. известное у других народов название Венеры „пастушеская
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звезда“; названия эти связаны с древними представлениями о Венере как божестве
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плодородия. — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kærdæǵy mæj</hi>, д. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg ævzuræn</hi> название апреля („месяц
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появления травы“). — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kærdægxæssæn</hi> название праздника, „пятидесятница
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цветоносная“. — Слово <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg</hi>, обычно с озвончением начального <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k</hi>, находим
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в названиях многих трав: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæxgærdæg"/> ‘конская
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трава’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæmpælgærdæg</hi> ‘бурьян’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæmpæl"/>),
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">cajgærdæg</hi> ‘чай’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caj"/>). См. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygærdyg"/> ‘телка-двухлетка’, буквально „дважды
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(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_dy-"/>) вышедшая на траву“ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærdyg</hi> из
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg</hi>). См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>221б 568 сл.,
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571</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Lexicalized participle from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/> ‘mow’; literally “that is being mowed”. Verb
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derivatives ending with <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-æg</hi> usually have the meaning of <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">active</hi>
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participles: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fyssæg</hi> ‘one who is writing’ (from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyssyn"/>), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kūræg</hi> ‘one who is asking’ (from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kūryn"/>) etc. However, in some cases they received
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medial or passive meaning, e.g. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zaræg"/> means
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‘song’, ‘that is being sung’, not only ‘one who is singing’; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xūdæg"/> not only means ‘one who is laughing’, but also
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‘funny’, etc. See “About voice non-differentiation of participles” (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>568 сл.</biblScope></bibl>).
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Such use should be considered as ancient; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e134" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e215" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>ba(n)daka-</w>
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<gloss><q>slave</q></gloss></mentioned>, literally ‘one who is tied up’ (not
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‘one, who is tying’). — For the semantic shift ‘grass’ ← ‘mow’ cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e142" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e223" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Heu</w>
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<gloss><q>hay</q></gloss></mentioned> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">hauen</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Gras hauen</hi> ‘mow
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hay’); thus, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e150" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e231" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Heu</w></mentioned>, as well as Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg</hi>, means “thing that
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should be mowed” proper („das zu Hauende'': <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Kluge</hi> s.v.); cf. also
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e155" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e236" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
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<w>nar</w>
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<gloss><q>grass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e163" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e244" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><w>naran</w>
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<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1873e170" xml:id="mentioned_d1873e251" xml:lang="x-mordvin"><w/>
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<gloss><q>shave</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><biblScope>Ahlquist</biblScope></bibl>). — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kærdæǵy stʼaly</hi>
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‘Venus (planet)’ (evening; cf. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Bonværnon</hi> ‘morning Venus’), literally “grass
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star”; cf. the name of Venus “shepherd's star”, known among other peoples; these
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names are associated with ancient representations of Venus as a deity of
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fertility. — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kærdæǵy mæj</hi>, Digor <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg ævzuræn</hi> name of April (“month of
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grass appearance”). — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Kærdægxæssæn</hi> name of holiday, “floriferous Pentecost”.
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— The word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg</hi>, usually with the voicing of the initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">k</hi>, is found
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in the names of many herbs: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bæxgærdæg"/> ‘Russian
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dock’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæmpælgærdæg</hi> ‘tall grasses’ (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæmpæl"/>), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cajgærdæg</hi> ‘tea’ (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caj"/>). See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dygærdyg"/>
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‘two year old heifer’, literally “who went on the grass twice (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_dy-"/>)” (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gærdyg</hi> из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdæg</hi>). See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdyn"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>221б 568 сл., 571</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="internal">очень сомнительный перевод примера</note>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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