232 lines
18 KiB
XML
232 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wædært</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_wædært" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d564e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wædært(t)</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wædærtæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>массивное деревянное кольцо, надеваемое на веретено для придания ему
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тяжести и вращательной инерции</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>massive wooden ring that is put on a spindle to provide it with
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heaviness and rotational inertia</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>прясло</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>whorl</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в России обычно металлическое или
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глиняное: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
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<biblScope> III 533</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (in Russia usually metal or clay:
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
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<biblScope> III 533</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wædært</oRef> æmæ æx˳yj
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rajsta </quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она взяла прясло и веретено</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she took the whorl and the
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spindle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope> III 12</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zīly ixsyd plastinkæ
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<oRef>wædærttaw</oRef>
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</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стертая пластинка вертится, как
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прясло</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the worn-out record is rotating
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like a whorl</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><author>Qoʒaty</author> Æxsar.
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<title>Adæmy qær</title>. <pubPlace>Ordžonikidze</pubPlace>,
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<date>1969</date>, <biblScope>p. 60</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wædærtty</oRef> jas
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kærʒyn…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хлеб величиной с прясло. . .</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whorl-sized bread…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
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<biblScope>107</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="os-x-digor">tuni
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rævʒitæ: zurnæj zild <oRef>wædærtæ</oRef>, cumæj kond ælxujnæ. . . </quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">орудия для (изготовления) сукна:
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выточенное на станке прясло, сделанное из кизилового дерева
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веретено. . .</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tools for (making) fabric:
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machine-cut whorl, spindle made of dogwood…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
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<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zajgæ ku kæna osæ, wæd coribadæg
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æxsinæntæ ærbaxæssuj æma in æj æ niværzæn nikkænuj, cæmæj imæ sajtan ma
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’ndewa; …ku nizzaja, wædta kæʒosi tuxxæn imæ <oRef>wædærtæ</oRef>
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radduncæ æma oj cʼasi dumuj </quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда женщина рожает, сиделка
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приносит чесалку шерсти и кладет ее ей в изголовье, чтобы шайтан на
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нее не покушался; …когда она родит, тогда для очищения ей дают
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прясло, и она дует в его отверстие</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when a woman is giving birth, the
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nurse brings a wool comb and puts it at the head of the bed, so that
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the devil does not make an attempt at her life; …when she has given
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birth, then for cleansing she is given the whorl, and she blows in
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its hole</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Конечная группа <c>-rt(æ)</c> в названиях орудий восходит
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закономерно к форманту <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>nominum
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instrumenti</gloss>
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<m>-θа-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/> -<m>tro</m>-,
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-<m>tla</m>-</mentioned>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sart"><w>sart</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"><w>mært</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"><w>wart</w></ref>.
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Соответственно <w>wædært(t)</w> возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>
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<gloss><q>вертушка</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wart-</w>
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<gloss><q>вертеть</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>watra </w>
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<note type="comment">(←<w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>) </note>
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<gloss><q>ручное веретено</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
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<biblScope>351</biblScope>)</bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vartula</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vartani-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>vreteno</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Wirtel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
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<w>gwerthud</w>
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<gloss><q>прясло</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Вся терминология, связанная с
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обработкой шерсти, отличается в осетинском глубокой древностью и
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оригинальностью: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w>lvynyn</w>
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<gloss><q>стричь</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdyn"><w>wærdyn</w>
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<gloss><q>валять (шерсть)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyvændyn"><w>nyvændyn</w>
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<gloss><q>мотать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvīsyn"><w>’lvisyn</w>
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<gloss><q>прясть</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
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<gloss><q>ткать</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lx0yj"><w>lx˳yj</w>
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<gloss><q>веретено</q></gloss></ref> и др. С этим полностью согласуются
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археологические данные. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Наличие
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ткачества (у скифов) свидетельствуется находками многочисленных глиняных
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и свинцовых пряслиц конических и биконических, т. е. грузиков,
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надевавшихся на веретена для придания им устойчивости</q>
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(<bibl><author>Граков</author>. <title>Скифы</title>.
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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50</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Пряслица… найдены на всей территории
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расселения савроматов</q> (<bibl>К. Ф. <author>Смирнов</author>.
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<title>Савроматы</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
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<date>1964</date>, <biblScope>стр. 107</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. — Из
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осетинского идет, возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>adartxa</w>
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<gloss><q>прясло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>adərdə</w>
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<gloss><q>веретено</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>I
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313</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
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<biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. </etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The final cluster <c>-rt(æ)</c> in the names of tools regularly
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continues <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>nominum instrumenti</gloss>
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<m>-θа-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/> -<m>tro</m>-,
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-<m>tla</m>-</mentioned>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sart"><w>sart</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mært"><w>mært</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wart"><w>wart</w></ref>.
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Correspondingly <w>wædært(t)</w> is derived from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>
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<gloss><q>rotator</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wart-</w>
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<gloss><q>rotate</q></gloss></mentioned>. Here also belong <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>watra </w>
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<note type="comment">(←<w type="rec">wartaθra-</w>) </note>
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<gloss><q>hand spindle</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
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<biblScope>351</biblScope>)</bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>vartula</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vartani-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>vreteno</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Wirtel</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
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<w>gwerthud</w>
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<gloss><q>whorl</q></gloss></mentioned>. — All terminology related to wool
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processing in Ossetic is distinguished by its deep antiquity and originality:
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lvynyn"><w>lvynyn</w>
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<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærdyn"><w>wærdyn</w>
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<gloss><q>to felt (wool)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyvændyn"><w>nyvændyn</w>
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<gloss><q>to reel</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ælvīsyn"><w>’lvisyn</w>
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<gloss><q>spin</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wafyn"><w>wafyn</w>
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<gloss><q>weave</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lx0yj"><w>lx˳yj</w>
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<gloss><q>spindle</q></gloss></ref> etc. This is in full agreement with
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archaeological data. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The presence of
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weaving (among the Scythians) is testified by the findings of numerous
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clay and lead conical and biconical whorls, i.e. little weights that
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were put on spindles to give them balance</q>
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(<bibl><author>Grakov</author>. <title>Skify</title> [The
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Scythians]. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>,
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<biblScope>p. 50</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Whorls… have been found on all the
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territory of Sarmatian dwelling</q> (<bibl>K. F.
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<author>Smirnov</author>. <title>Savromaty</title> [Sarmatians].
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<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p.
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107</biblScope></bibl>)</quote>. — From Ossetic possibly come
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<mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>adartxa</w>
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<gloss><q>whorl</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><w>adərdə</w>
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<gloss><q>spindle</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>I
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313</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
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<biblScope>1942 XII 268</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. </etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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