197 lines
15 KiB
XML
197 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævdælyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ævdælyn" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d3452e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ævdælyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d3452e68" type="participle"><orth>ævdæld</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d3452e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>evdælun</orth><form xml:id="form_d3452e73" type="participle"><orth>evdald</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3452e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d3452e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>быть праздным, незанятым</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to be idle, free</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3452e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>иметь досуг</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to have spare time</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3452e95"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>быть порожним</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to be empty</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d3452e105">
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<form xml:id="form_d3452e107" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ævdælon</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d3452e110" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>evdælon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3452e113"><sense xml:id="sense_d3452e114"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>праздный</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>idle</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3452e123"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>незанятый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>free</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3452e132"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>имеющий досуг</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>having a spare time</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d3452e141"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>порожний</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>empty</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3452e152">
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<form xml:id="form_d3452e154" type="lemma"><orth>bavdælyn ama…</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3452e157"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>взять и (сделать что-либо)</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to go ahead and (do something)</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3452e167">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3452e169">
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<quote>dy bavdæl ama axsæv ma ʽssū dæ ræǧawmæ<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в этом же значении употребляется
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bazdæxyn)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (bazdæxyn is
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used in the same meaning)</note></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ты возьми и не ходи в эту ночь к своему табуну</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>go ahead and just don't go to your herd tonight</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/><biblScope>148</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3452e196">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3452e198">
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<quote>næ ma ʽvdæly</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мне некогда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I have no time</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3452e213">
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<quote>mæn mīdæmæ xæʒarmæ ne ʽvdæly, fælæ fæʒūrūt Wyryzmægmæ, æddæmæ k˳yd
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rakæsa</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мне некогда (заходить) в дом, но позовите Урузмага, чтобы он выглянул
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наружу</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I have no time to enter the house but call Wyryzmæg so he looks
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out</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>134</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3452e232">
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<quote>ævdælon adæm nyxasy kʽæcæltæ amadtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>праздные люди на нихасе строгали палочки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>idle people at the <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nikhas</hi> (meeting ground) were planing
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sticks</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3452e251" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ʒæǧæli raco-bacomæ ke evdæluj?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кому досуг для праздного шатания?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>who has his spare time for loafing</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/><biblScope>5</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3452e273" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>m-mmæ-waʒæ, na evdælun</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>оставь меня, мне некогда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>leave me alone, I have no time</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/><biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3452e296">
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<quote>cæwon bal, na dæn evdælon</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пойду я пока, мне некогда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>meanwhile I am leaving, I have no time</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/><biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Чередование <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ev</hi>- в начале указывает, что перед нами
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преверб <hi rendition="#rend_italic">abi</hi> в двух вариантах — без эпентезы (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e378" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e318" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>abhi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e383" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e323" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>abiy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e388" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e328" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>æv-</w></mentioned>) и с эпентезой (%iaibii%, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e393" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e333" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aiwi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e398" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e338" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>ev-</w></mentioned>); cр. аналогичное чередование в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævǵīd"/> | evged. Происхождение основы <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dæl</hi>- в значении
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‘быть незанятым’ и пр. остается неясным. Возможно, что <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dæl</hi>- относится к
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>-, как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mæl</hi>- ‘умирать’ к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mar</hi>- ‘убивать’, и что, стало быть,
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">dæl</hi>- в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv-dæl-yn</hi> есть закономерная медиальная форма иранского <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>-
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‘держать’ и пр. со значением ‘пребывать в покое’ и пр.; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e406" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e346" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>dar-</w>
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<gloss><q>пребывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, ‘находиться’ (…%iavadā
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adāraya%i „… там находился“), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e414" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e354" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>dadar</w>
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<gloss><q>покой</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Для семантики „праздный“ —
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„порожний“ cp., с одной стороны, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e422" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e362" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>праздный</w></mentioned>, с другой <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e427" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e367" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>prázdný</w>
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<gloss><q>порожний</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The initial alternation <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv</hi>- | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ev</hi>- points that there is
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the preverb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">abi</hi> in two variants: one without epenthesis (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e318" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e378" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>abhi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e323" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e383" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>abiy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e328" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e388" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>æv-</w></mentioned>) and the one with epenthesis (%iaibii%, compare
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e333" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e393" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aiwi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e338" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e398" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>ev-</w></mentioned>); compare an analogous alternation in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævǵīd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">evged</hi>. The etymology of the stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dæl</hi>- in
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the meaning ‘to be free’ etc. is unclear. Probably, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dæl</hi>- refers to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>-,
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like <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mæl</hi>- ‘to die’ refers to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mar</hi>- ‘to kill’. Hence, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dæl</hi>- in
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">æv-dæl-yn</hi> is a regular medial form of the Iran <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dar</hi>- ‘to hold’ etc. with
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the meaning ‘to rest’ etc.; compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e346" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e406" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>dar-</w>
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<gloss><q>to be</q></gloss></mentioned>, ‘to be situated’ (…%iavadā
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adāraya%i „there is…“), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e354" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e414" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>dadar</w>
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<gloss><q>peace</q></gloss></mentioned>. — For the semantics "idle" —
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"empty" compare, on the one side, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e422" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>prazdnyj</w></mentioned>, on the other <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3452e367" xml:id="mentioned_d3452e427" xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
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<w>prázdný</w>
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<gloss><q>empty</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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