abaev-xml/entries/abaev_7xsædyn.xml

369 lines
22 KiB
XML
Raw Normal View History

2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsædyn</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_7xsædyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d5514e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsædyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ᵆxsæst</orth></form></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsædun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æxsast</orth></form></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d5514e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>очищать от ненужного: срубленное дерево от сучьев, поле от камней и т. п.</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>clean from unnecessary things: a cut-down tree from branches, a field from stones,
etc.</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>расчищать</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>clear</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>очищать от кожуры</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>peel</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>лущить</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>husk</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
<q>полоть</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<note type="comment">in Digor, also </note>
<q>to weed</q>
</abv:tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
</sense>
<re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>æxsædæntæ</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">время прополки</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">weeding time</q>
</tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (и. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (Iron <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>ænæxsæst</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">неотесанный</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">(human) </note>
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">uncouth</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>невежа</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>cad</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>хам</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>boor</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraʒ īw) bælæstæ æd wīdægtæ syskʼ˳ydta, sæ
xīxtæ īw syn <oRef>axsæsta</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Батраз) вырывал деревья с корнями, очищал их
от сучьев</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraz) pulled out trees with roots, cleared
them of branches</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
<biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza arvysta jæ caǧarty ugærdæntæ
<oRef>xsædynmæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Заза послал своих слуг очищать покосные участки
(от камней и пр.)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza sent his servants to clean the mowing
areas (from stones, etc.)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymzæxx jæ bakænyny aǧommæ syǧdæg kodtoj
cydæriddær æj qyg dardta, ūdonæj, <oRef>æxsæstoj</oRef> x˳yrtæ, kʼūtærtæ, pyxsytæ;
æppæt ūcy k˳yst xwiny x˳ym <oRef>æxsædyn</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пахотный участок перед пахотой очищали от
всего, что наносит ему ущерб: очищали от камней, от кустов, от бурьяна; вся эта
работа называлась <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">before plowing, the arable area was cleared of
everything that was damaging to it: it was cleared of stones, bushes, weeds; all
this work was called <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
<biblScope>1967 V 64</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xuskʼ æ kʼalewtæ <oRef>æxsast</oRef>
fæcæncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они закончили очистку (деревьев) от засохших
сучьев</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they finished clearing (trees) of withered
limbs</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СД"/>
<biblScope>1959, № 46</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæjtæ ma næxecæn igwærdæn
<oRef>raxsædæn</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">давайте расчистим себе сенокос</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">letʼs clear our haymaking area</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼwære ew xatt cæwuncæ nædtæ
<oRef>æxsædunmæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раз в неделю выходят расчищать дороги</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">once a week (they) go out to clear the
roads</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>271<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒæxæratæ æxsæduni fudæj kærdægi buni
isæfuncæ...; xumtæ dær qæbær <oRef>æxsædujnag</oRef> æncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">огороды без прополки гибнут под (сорной)
травой...; и нивы сильно нуждаются в прополке</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gardens perish under (weedy) grass without
weeding...; and the fields are in dire need of weeding</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsædæntæ</oRef> ærqærttæncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">настало время прополки</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the time came to weed</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew <oRef>æxsast</oRef> fæcan, dukkag
rajdædtan</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одну прополку мы закончили, начали вторую</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we finished one weeding, started the second
one</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>280<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>nixsastan</oRef> nad næ gærztæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы расчистили дорогу нашим оружием</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we cleared the way with our arms</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
<biblScope>149</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, lægtæ, lægtæ! ka win bafærazʒænæj
<oRef>isæxsædun</oRef> wæ zærdi bun!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о мужчины, мужчины! кто сможет раскопать
глубины вашего сердца!</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o men, men! who can unearth the depths of your
heart!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
<biblScope>77— 78</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Исходное значение было, вероятно, <q>среза́ть</q> (сучья с дерева и
т.п.), <q>отсекать</q>, <q>отбрасывать</q> (сорняки и т. п.). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣad-</w>
<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разреза́ть</q></gloss></mentioned>.
Древнеиндийско-скифский глагол можно вывести из изоляции, если допустить, что он восходит
к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>kedénti</w>
<gloss><q>дергать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трепать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
<gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
<w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>scatter</w>
<gloss><q>разбрасывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
<gloss><q>разбрасываю</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Колебание <c></c>, <c></c>
|| <c>sk</c> — как в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
<gloss><q>гнида</q></gloss></ref>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
<gloss><q>свист</q></gloss></ref> и др. Проблематичным остается сближение <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣadman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) с
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>šanman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лезвие</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
<biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
<pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
<biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). Ожидали бы <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. База <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> могла быть удлинением <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
<gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned> реконструирует <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
<biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, стр.
87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">The original meaning was probably <q>cut down</q> (branches from a
tree, etc.), <q>cut off</q>, <q>throw away</q> (weeds etc.). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣad-</w>
<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>slit</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Old
Indic-Scythian verb can be taken out of isolation if one assume that it goes back to
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>kedénti</w>
<gloss><q>pull</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wag</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
<gloss><q>sliver</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
<w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>scatter</w>
<gloss><q>scatter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
<gloss><q>I scatter</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The alternation <c></c>,
<c></c> || <c>sk</c> is as in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
<gloss><q>nit</q></gloss></ref>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
<gloss><q>whistling</q></gloss></ref> etc. Problematic is the rapproachment of
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣadman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) with
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>šanman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">blade</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
<biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
<pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
<biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). One would expect <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. The base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> could be the lengthened <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> is reconstructed by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
<biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, p.
87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>