abaev-xml/entries/abaev_7xsædyn.xml
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00

369 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsædyn</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_7xsædyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d5514e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsædyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ᵆxsæst</orth></form></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsædun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æxsast</orth></form></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d5514e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>очищать от ненужного: срубленное дерево от сучьев, поле от камней и т. п.</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>clean from unnecessary things: a cut-down tree from branches, a field from stones,
etc.</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>расчищать</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>clear</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>очищать от кожуры</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>peel</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>лущить</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>husk</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
<q>полоть</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<note type="comment">in Digor, also </note>
<q>to weed</q>
</abv:tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
</sense>
<re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>æxsædæntæ</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">время прополки</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">weeding time</q>
</tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (и. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (Iron <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>ænæxsæst</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">неотесанный</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">(human) </note>
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">uncouth</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>невежа</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>cad</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>хам</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>boor</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraʒ īw) bælæstæ æd wīdægtæ syskʼ˳ydta, sæ
xīxtæ īw syn <oRef>axsæsta</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Батраз) вырывал деревья с корнями, очищал их
от сучьев</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraz) pulled out trees with roots, cleared
them of branches</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
<biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza arvysta jæ caǧarty ugærdæntæ
<oRef>xsædynmæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Заза послал своих слуг очищать покосные участки
(от камней и пр.)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza sent his servants to clean the mowing
areas (from stones, etc.)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymzæxx jæ bakænyny aǧommæ syǧdæg kodtoj
cydæriddær æj qyg dardta, ūdonæj, <oRef>æxsæstoj</oRef> x˳yrtæ, kʼūtærtæ, pyxsytæ;
æppæt ūcy k˳yst xwiny x˳ym <oRef>æxsædyn</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пахотный участок перед пахотой очищали от
всего, что наносит ему ущерб: очищали от камней, от кустов, от бурьяна; вся эта
работа называлась <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">before plowing, the arable area was cleared of
everything that was damaging to it: it was cleared of stones, bushes, weeds; all
this work was called <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
<biblScope>1967 V 64</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xuskʼ æ kʼalewtæ <oRef>æxsast</oRef>
fæcæncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они закончили очистку (деревьев) от засохших
сучьев</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they finished clearing (trees) of withered
limbs</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СД"/>
<biblScope>1959, № 46</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæjtæ ma næxecæn igwærdæn
<oRef>raxsædæn</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">давайте расчистим себе сенокос</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">letʼs clear our haymaking area</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼwære ew xatt cæwuncæ nædtæ
<oRef>æxsædunmæ</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раз в неделю выходят расчищать дороги</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">once a week (they) go out to clear the
roads</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>271<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒæxæratæ æxsæduni fudæj kærdægi buni
isæfuncæ...; xumtæ dær qæbær <oRef>æxsædujnag</oRef> æncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">огороды без прополки гибнут под (сорной)
травой...; и нивы сильно нуждаются в прополке</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gardens perish under (weedy) grass without
weeding...; and the fields are in dire need of weeding</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsædæntæ</oRef> ærqærttæncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">настало время прополки</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the time came to weed</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew <oRef>æxsast</oRef> fæcan, dukkag
rajdædtan</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одну прополку мы закончили, начали вторую</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we finished one weeding, started the second
one</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>280<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>nixsastan</oRef> nad næ gærztæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы расчистили дорогу нашим оружием</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we cleared the way with our arms</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
<biblScope>149</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, lægtæ, lægtæ! ka win bafærazʒænæj
<oRef>isæxsædun</oRef> wæ zærdi bun!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о мужчины, мужчины! кто сможет раскопать
глубины вашего сердца!</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o men, men! who can unearth the depths of your
heart!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
<biblScope>77— 78</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Исходное значение было, вероятно, <q>среза́ть</q> (сучья с дерева и
т.п.), <q>отсекать</q>, <q>отбрасывать</q> (сорняки и т. п.). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣad-</w>
<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разреза́ть</q></gloss></mentioned>.
Древнеиндийско-скифский глагол можно вывести из изоляции, если допустить, что он восходит
к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>kedénti</w>
<gloss><q>дергать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трепать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
<gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
<w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>scatter</w>
<gloss><q>разбрасывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
<gloss><q>разбрасываю</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Колебание <c></c>, <c></c>
|| <c>sk</c> — как в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
<gloss><q>гнида</q></gloss></ref>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
<gloss><q>свист</q></gloss></ref> и др. Проблематичным остается сближение <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣadman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) с
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>šanman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лезвие</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
<biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
<pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
<biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). Ожидали бы <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. База <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> могла быть удлинением <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
<gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned> реконструирует <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
<biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, стр.
87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">The original meaning was probably <q>cut down</q> (branches from a
tree, etc.), <q>cut off</q>, <q>throw away</q> (weeds etc.). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣad-</w>
<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>slit</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Old
Indic-Scythian verb can be taken out of isolation if one assume that it goes back to
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>kedénti</w>
<gloss><q>pull</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wag</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
<gloss><q>sliver</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
<w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>scatter</w>
<gloss><q>scatter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
<gloss><q>I scatter</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The alternation <c></c>,
<c></c> || <c>sk</c> is as in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
<gloss><q>nit</q></gloss></ref>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
<gloss><q>whistling</q></gloss></ref> etc. Problematic is the rapproachment of
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣadman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) with
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>šanman-</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">blade</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
<biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
<biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
<pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
<biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). One would expect <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. The base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> could be the lengthened <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
<biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> is reconstructed by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
<biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, p.
87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>