230 lines
17 KiB
XML
230 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsyrf</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7xsyrf" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d443e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsyrf</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsirf</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d443e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>серп</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hook</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cævægæj, mæqītæj, <oRef>æxsyrfæj</oRef>
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cættæ..</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(имея) наготове косы, сапетки, серпы...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(having) ready scythes, sapets, sickles ...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>124</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sær <oRef>æxsyrfæj</oRef> dast</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">голова обрита серпом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">head shaved with a sickle</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ fydy fyd Inæryqo k˳yrd wydī, kodta
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æfsæjnagæj alcydær: ræxystæ, cævǵytæ, <oRef>xsyrfytæ</oRef>, færættæ, kærdtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мой дед Инарыко был кузнец, делал из железа
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все: цепи (надочажные), косы, серпы, топоры, ножи</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my grandfather Inæryqo was a blacksmith, he
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made everything from iron: chains, scythes, sickles, axes, knives</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><bibl xml:lang="en"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из материалов E. <name>Бараковой</name>)</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from
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the notes of E. <name>Barakova</name>)</biblScope></bibl></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aftæ cæv æmæ ma myn dæ kardy lyggagæj
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<oRef>æxsyrfag</oRef> wæddær k˳yd rawaja</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бей так, чтобы из обломка твоей шашки у меня
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вышел серп</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">strike so that a hook comes out of the fragment
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of your saber</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳y ‘scættæ wa xor, wæd wajtaǧd arvīty
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<oRef>xsyrf</oRef>, ūmæn æmæ nyllæwyd x˳ymgærdæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда же созреет плод, немедленно посылает
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серп, потому что настала жатва</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when the fruit is brought forth, immediately he
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putteth in the sickle, because the harvest is come</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saw osæ fænnæxstær æj, je ‘xsirf æ
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sujni</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">смуглая женщина отправилась с серпом за
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поясом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a swarthy woman set off with a sickle in her
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belt</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 332</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Начальный <c>х-</c> — протетический.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230403T220306+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">sirf</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> неотделимо от <mentioned xml:lang="bat" extralang="sla"><lang>балто-слав.</lang>
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<w>*sirp-</w>
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<gloss><q>серп</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>сьрпъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>серп</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>sirps</w></mentioned>. Ср. далее <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>sarpo</w>, <w>sarpere</w>
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<gloss><q>обрезать лозу</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>serpe</w>
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<gloss><q>садовый кривой нож</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230403T223251+0300" comment="не уверена в диакритиках и вообще"?><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
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<w>ἅσπη</w>
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<gloss><q>серп</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. О возможных дальнейших связях
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по корню
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230403T220728+0300" comment="сделала и.е"?><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ser-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
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<biblScope>s. v. sarpo</biblScope></bibl>. К балто-славянскому примыкают и
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
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<w>sirppi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
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<w>sirp</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>серп</q></gloss> и пр. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
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<biblScope>IV 1041</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="akk"><lang>Аккад.</lang>
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<w>sirpu</w>
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<gloss><q>ножницы</q></gloss></mentioned> наводит на мысль о странствующем культурном
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термине. — Из аланского идет <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>xśrəp</w>
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<gloss><q>серп</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Крайне искусственным в семантическом отношении
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представляется сближение <lang>ос.</lang>
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<oRef>xsyrf</oRef> с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣipra-</w>
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<gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
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<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <lang>Ос.</lang>
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<oRef>xsyrf</oRef> относится к скифо-европейским <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">земледельческим</hi> изоглоссам, таким как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ym"><w>x˳ym</w>
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<gloss><q>пашня</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w>fsonʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>ярмо</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stīvʒ"><w>stīvʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>часть ярма</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsīr"><w>fsīr</w>
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<gloss><q>колос</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tillæg"><w>tillæg</w>
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<gloss><q>урожай</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_adæg"><w>adæg</w>
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<gloss><q>борона</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyvyr"><w>ʒyvyr</w>
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<gloss><q>соха</q></gloss></ref>. Эти факты красноречиво свидетельствуют, что скифы
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учились земледелию у европейских народов. О серпах (бронзовых, железных) у
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скифо-сарматских племен см.: <bibl><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Граков</author>.
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<title>Скифы</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр. 44
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(изображения железных серпов)</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Граков</author>. <title>Скифы</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
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<date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр. 44 (изображения железных
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серпов)</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Крупнов</author>. <title>Древняя история Сев. Кавказа</title>.
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр. 115 сл., 119 сл., 124,
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136, 291, 298, 313, 390</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Крупнов</author>. <title>Древняя история Сев. Кавказа</title>.
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр. 115 сл., 119 сл., 124,
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136, 291, 298, 313, 390</biblScope></bibl></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>8, 9, 143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>.
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<title>Syncope in greek and indo-europen</title>. <pubPlace>Naples</pubPlace>,
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<date>1964</date>, <biblScope>стр. 205, n. 1</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The initial <c>х-</c> is prothetic.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230403T220306+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">sirf</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> is inseparable from <mentioned xml:lang="bat" extralang="sla"><lang/>
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<w>*sirp-</w>
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<gloss><q>hook</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>sьrpъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>serp</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>sirps</w></mentioned>. Cf. further <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>sarpo</w>, <w>sarpere</w>
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<gloss><q>prune the vine</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>serpe</w>
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<gloss><q>curved garden knife</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230403T223251+0300" comment="не уверена в диакритиках и вообще"?><mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἅσπη</w>
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<gloss><q>hook</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. On possible further
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connections by root
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<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230403T220728+0300" comment="сделала и.е"?><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ser-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
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<biblScope>s. v. sarpo</biblScope></bibl>. Adjacent to the Baltic and Slavic is
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
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<w>sirppi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
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<w>sirp</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>hook</q></gloss> etc. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
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<biblScope>IV 1041</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="akk"><lang/>
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<w>sirpu</w>
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<gloss><q>scissors</q></gloss></mentioned> suggests an itinerant cultural term. — From
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the Alanian goes <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>xśrəp</w>
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<gloss><q>hook</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The relation of <lang>Ossetic</lang>
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<oRef>xsyrf</oRef> with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣipra-</w>
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<gloss><q>fast</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
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<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> seems to be extremely
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artificial in a semantic sense. <lang>Ossetic</lang>
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<oRef>xsyrf</oRef> refers to Scytho-European <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">agricultural</hi> isoglosses such as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ym"><w>x˳ym</w>
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<gloss><q>arable land</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsonʒ"><w>fsonʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>oxbow</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stīvʒ"><w>stīvʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>a part of oxbow</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7fsīr"><w>fsīr</w>
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<gloss><q>wheat head</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tillæg"><w>tillæg</w>
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<gloss><q>harvest</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_adæg"><w>adæg</w>
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<gloss><q>harrow</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒyvyr"><w>ʒyvyr</w>
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<gloss><q>plow</q></gloss></ref>. These facts eloquently testify that the Scythians
|
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learned agriculture from the European peoples. For sickles (bronze, iron) among the
|
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Scythian-Sarmatian tribes, see.: <bibl><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Граков</author>.
|
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<title>Скифы</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope>стр. 44
|
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|
(изображения железных серпов)</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Grakov</author>. <title>Skify</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
|
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|
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<date>1971</date>, <biblScope>p. 44 (images of iron
|
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|
|
sickles)</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Крупнов</author>. <title>Древняя история Сев. Кавказа</title>.
|
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|
|
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр. 115 сл., 119 сл., 124,
|
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|
|
136, 291, 298, 313, 390</biblScope></bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Krupnov</author>. <title>Drevnjaja istorija Sev. Kavkaza</title>.
|
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|
|
<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p. 115 ff., 119 ff., 124,
|
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|
|
136, 291, 298, 313, 390</biblScope></bibl></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>8, 9, 143</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>.
|
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|
|
<title>Syncope in Greek and Indo-European</title>. <pubPlace>Naples</pubPlace>,
|
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|
|
<date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p. 205, n. 1</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
|
</entry>
|
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|
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</body>
|
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</text>
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</TEI>
|