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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_fædg" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d4989e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fædg</orth><form xml:id="form_d4989e68" type="variant"><orth>fædk</orth></form></form>
<form xml:id="form_d4989e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fædgæ</orth></form>
<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_fædg.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>обычай</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>custom</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_fædg.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>потомство</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>descendants</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
<sense n="3" xml:id="sense_fædg.3" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><usg><lang/></usg><sense xml:id="sense_d4989e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>дань</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>tribute</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4989e106"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>подать</q>
</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в смысле
„следуемое“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in the sense
‘thing that should be done’)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>tax</q>
</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в смысле
„следуемое“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in the sense
‘thing that should be done’)</note></sense><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в дигорском употреблялось также в значении</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in Digor it was also used in the
meaning</note></sense>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4989e129">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e131">
<quote>Narty fædk næ fexalʒynæn</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>я не нарушу обычая Нартов</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>I will not break the Narts custom</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/><biblScope>205</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e150">
<quote>mælæt fædk ū, æmæ ūmæj tærsyn næ qæwy</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>смерть — в порядке вещей, и ее не надо бояться</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>death is in the order of things, and one should not be afraid of
it</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
47</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e169">
<quote>zæxxon adæmmæ cy fædǵytæ īs, udon myn fæzūr</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>расскажи мне, какие обычаи у земных людей</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>tell me what are the customs of the people of Earth</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
78</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e188">
<quote>X˳ysaw zaǧta: asy q˳yddag fædk fæwæg, fælæ sūsæg mak˳y bawæt</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>Бог сказал: пусть это дело (женская неверность) станет обычаем, но
пусть оно никогда не остается в тайне</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>God said: let this affair (female infidelity) become a custom, but
let it never remain a secret</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
95</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e207" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>næbal erun fædgi adæ: kuvd, minasæ ma nivond</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>я не нахожу больше сладости обычая: пиршества, угощения,
жертвоприношения</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>I do not find a custom that is better than this: there are feasts,
treats and sacrifices</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e230" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>mærdti ci fædgæ, fændag es womæj xwarz rakoræ</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>испроси благое согласно тому обыкновению, тому пути, который есть в
(царстве) мертвых</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>ask for the good according to that custom, according to the way that
is in the kingdom of the dead</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
169</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e252" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>mærdtæj racæwun fædgæ næ adtæj</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>из (царства) мертвых не было обычая выходить</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>there was no custom to leave the kingdom of the dead</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
78</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e274" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>„næ feǧuston” make zæǧæd ǧazti fædgæ, ǧazti æǧdæw</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>пусть никто не скажет, что он не слышал правила игры, закона игры</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>let no one say that he did not hear the rules of the game, the law of
the game</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1936 I
72</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e296">
<quote>fædǵy qædæn fæwaʒyn, fædǵy qædæn aværyn ḱysyl īsty</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>оставить или дать малое количество чего-либо для приличия, чтобы не
нарушать обычая</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>leave or give a small amount of something for decency, so as not to
violate custom</q>
</abv:tr>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e311" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>ændon kard din dæ bazi buni fædki ǧædæj æværun</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>стальной нож я кладу тебе под подушку согласно обычаю</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>I put a steel knife under your pillow according to custom</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4989e334">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e336">
<quote>sæ fædkæn cærænbonty adæmy ræǧy racæwæn nal wydait</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>их потомству нельзя было бы больше выйти в ряды людей</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>their offspring could no longer enter the ranks of people</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
129</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e355">
<quote>fyd-vædk</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>дурное потомство</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>bad offspring</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
89</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4989e375">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e377" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>fædgæ di agoruj; kizgæ ma læqwæn — etæ ba æ fædgæ æncæ</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>он требует у тебя дани; девушка и юноша — вот его дань</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>he demands tribute from you; a girl and a boy - this is the tribute
for him</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
127</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Образовано от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/> ‘след’
(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e479" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e404" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
<w>pada-</w></mentioned>) с помощью суффикса <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi>); ср. тот же
суффикс в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rong"/> и др. Идеосемантика ‘след’ —
‘обычай’ не требует особых пояснений; ср. в русском, с одной стороны, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">след</hi>,
с другой — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">следует</hi> в смысле „подобает“, „должно“. В иронском говорят
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædǵy</hi> в смысле ‘подобает’, ‘принято’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">næ fædǵy</hi> ‘не подобает’, ‘не
принято’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic"><hi rendition="#rend_bold">xūrnyg˳yldy fæstæ zyng dæddyn næ fædǵy</hi></hi> „после захода солнца не
принято одалживать огонь“). Эти формы предполагают как будто существование
отыменного глагола <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fædǵyn</hi>. Вероятнее, однако, что перед нами сращение слова
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi> с вспомогательным глаголом <hi rendition="#rend_italic">un</hi> ‘быть’. Слово <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædk</hi>
имеет яркое соответствие в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e486" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e411" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>*padg-, *paδk-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (%ipdgʼ, рδkʼ,
pδkh%i)</note>
<gloss><q>обычай</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e496" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e421" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
<gloss><q>долг</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e503" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e428" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
<gloss><q>закон</q></gloss></mentioned> (в буддийских текстах передает
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e509" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e434" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>dharma-</w>
<gloss><q>закон</q></gloss></mentioned>). Достаточных оснований производить
это иранское слово через <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e517" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e442" xml:lang="syr"><lang/>
<w>ptq</w>
<gloss><q>таблица</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e525" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e450" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>πιττάχιον</w>
<gloss><q>таблица</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>А. von
<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain%s und %sRachmati</hi>. Turkische Turfan-Texte <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi>
72</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">А. von <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain</hi>.
AIttürkische Grammatik. Leipzig, 1950, стр. 304</biblScope></bibl>) не имеется. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/> ‘след’. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævæǵiaw"/>
‘отменный’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>11–12</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Derived from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/> ‘trace’
(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e404" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e479" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
<w>pada-</w></mentioned>) with the suffix <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi>); cf. the same suffix
in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rong"/> etc. Ideosemantics of ‘trace’ —
‘custom’ does not require special explanation; cf. Russian, on the one hand,
there is <hi rendition="#rend_italic">след</hi> ‘trace’, on the other there is the verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">следует</hi> in the
meaning ‘should’, ‘ought to’. In Iron <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædǵy</hi> is used in the meaning ‘should’,
‘conventional’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">næ fædǵy</hi> ‘should not’, ‘not conventional’ (%i%bxūrnyg˳yldy
fæstæ zyng dæddyn næ fædǵy%b%i ‘it is not customary to borrow fire after
sunset’). These forms suggest as if there used to be a denominal verb
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fædǵyn</hi>. However, it is more probable that this word represents a fusion of
the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi> with the auxilary verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">un</hi> ‘be’. The word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi>,
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædk</hi> has a correspondence in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e411" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e486" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>*padg-, *paδk-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (%ipdgʼ, рδkʼ,
pδkh%i)</note>
<gloss><q>custom</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e421" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e496" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
<gloss><q>duty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e428" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e503" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
<gloss><q>law</q></gloss></mentioned> (in buddhistic texts it is conveyed by
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e434" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e509" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>dharma-</w>
<gloss><q>law</q></gloss></mentioned>). There is not enough arguments in
favour of relating this Iranian word to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e442" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e517" xml:lang="syr"><lang/>
<w>ptq</w>
<gloss><q>chart</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e450" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e525" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
<w>πιττάχιον</w>
<gloss><q>chart</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>А. von <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain</hi>
und <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Rachmati</hi>. Turkische Turfan-Texte <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 72</biblScope></bibl>;
<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="en">А. von <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain</hi>. AIttürkische Grammatik. Leipzig, 1950, p.
304</biblScope></bibl>). See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/>
‘trace’. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævæǵiaw"/> ‘excellent’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>11–12</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<note type="internal">надо вставить примеры в посткоммент к сенсгруп и потом уже все
перевести // еще пример в этимологии!</note>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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