279 lines
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22 KiB
XML
279 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fædg" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4989e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fædg</orth><form xml:id="form_d4989e68" type="variant"><orth>fædk</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4989e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fædgæ</orth></form>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_fædg.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>обычай</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>custom</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_fædg.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>потомство</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>descendants</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="3" xml:id="sense_fædg.3" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><usg><lang/></usg><sense xml:id="sense_d4989e97"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дань</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tribute</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4989e106"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>подать</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в смысле
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„следуемое“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in the sense
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‘thing that should be done’)</note><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tax</q>
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</abv:tr><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (в смысле
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„следуемое“)</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (in the sense
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‘thing that should be done’)</note></sense><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в дигорском употреблялось также в значении</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in Digor it was also used in the
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meaning</note></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4989e129">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e131">
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<quote>Narty fædk næ fexalʒynæn</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я не нарушу обычая Нартов</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I will not break the Narts custom</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/><biblScope>205</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e150">
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<quote>mælæt fædk ū, æmæ ūmæj tærsyn næ qæwy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>смерть — в порядке вещей, и ее не надо бояться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>death is in the order of things, and one should not be afraid of
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it</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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47</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e169">
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<quote>zæxxon adæmmæ cy fædǵytæ īs, udon myn fæzūr</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расскажи мне, какие обычаи у земных людей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tell me what are the customs of the people of Earth</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
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78</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e188">
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<quote>X˳ysaw zaǧta: asy q˳yddag fædk fæwæg, fælæ sūsæg mak˳y bawæt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Бог сказал: пусть это дело (женская неверность) станет обычаем, но
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пусть оно никогда не остается в тайне</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>God said: let this affair (female infidelity) become a custom, but
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let it never remain a secret</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
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95</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e207" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>næbal erun fædgi adæ: kuvd, minasæ ma nivond</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>я не нахожу больше сладости обычая: пиршества, угощения,
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жертвоприношения</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I do not find a custom that is better than this: there are feasts,
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treats and sacrifices</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e230" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>mærdti ci fædgæ, fændag es womæj xwarz rakoræ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>испроси благое согласно тому обыкновению, тому пути, который есть в
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(царстве) мертвых</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ask for the good according to that custom, according to the way that
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is in the kingdom of the dead</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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169</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e252" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>mærdtæj racæwun fædgæ næ adtæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>из (царства) мертвых не было обычая выходить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there was no custom to leave the kingdom of the dead</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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78</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e274" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>„næ feǧuston” make zæǧæd ǧazti fædgæ, ǧazti æǧdæw</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пусть никто не скажет, что он не слышал правила игры, закона игры</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>let no one say that he did not hear the rules of the game, the law of
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the game</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/><biblScope>1936 I
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72</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e296">
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<quote>fædǵy qædæn fæwaʒyn, fædǵy qædæn aværyn ḱysyl īsty</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>оставить или дать малое количество чего-либо для приличия, чтобы не
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нарушать обычая</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>leave or give a small amount of something for decency, so as not to
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violate custom</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e311" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ændon kard din dæ bazi buni fædki ǧædæj æværun</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стальной нож я кладу тебе под подушку согласно обычаю</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I put a steel knife under your pillow according to custom</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/><biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4989e334">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e336">
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<quote>sæ fædkæn cærænbonty adæmy ræǧy racæwæn nal wydait</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>их потомству нельзя было бы больше выйти в ряды людей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>their offspring could no longer enter the ranks of people</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>II
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129</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e355">
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<quote>fyd-vædk</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дурное потомство</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bad offspring</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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89</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4989e375">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4989e377" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>fædgæ di agoruj; kizgæ ma læqwæn — etæ ba æ fædgæ æncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он требует у тебя дани; девушка и юноша — вот его дань</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he demands tribute from you; a girl and a boy - this is the tribute
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for him</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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127</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Образовано от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/> ‘след’
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(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e479" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e404" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>pada-</w></mentioned>) с помощью суффикса <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi>); ср. тот же
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суффикс в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rong"/> и др. Идеосемантика ‘след’ —
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‘обычай’ не требует особых пояснений; ср. в русском, с одной стороны, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">след</hi>,
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с другой — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">следует</hi> в смысле „подобает“, „должно“. В иронском говорят
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædǵy</hi> в смысле ‘подобает’, ‘принято’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">næ fædǵy</hi> ‘не подобает’, ‘не
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принято’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic"><hi rendition="#rend_bold">xūrnyg˳yldy fæstæ zyng dæddyn næ fædǵy</hi></hi> „после захода солнца не
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принято одалживать огонь“). Эти формы предполагают как будто существование
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отыменного глагола <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fædǵyn</hi>. Вероятнее, однако, что перед нами сращение слова
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi> с вспомогательным глаголом <hi rendition="#rend_italic">un</hi> ‘быть’. Слово <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædk</hi>
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имеет яркое соответствие в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e486" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e411" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*padg-, *paδk-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (%ipdgʼ, рδkʼ,
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pδkh%i)</note>
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<gloss><q>обычай</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e496" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e421" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>долг</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e503" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e428" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>закон</q></gloss></mentioned> (в буддийских текстах передает
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e509" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e434" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dharma-</w>
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<gloss><q>закон</q></gloss></mentioned>). Достаточных оснований производить
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это иранское слово через <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e517" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e442" xml:lang="syr"><lang/>
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<w>ptq</w>
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<gloss><q>таблица</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e525" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e450" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>πιττάχιον</w>
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<gloss><q>таблица</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>А. von
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain%s und %sRachmati</hi>. Turkische Turfan-Texte <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi>
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72</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">А. von <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain</hi>.
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AIttürkische Grammatik. Leipzig, 1950, стр. 304</biblScope></bibl>) не имеется. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/> ‘след’. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævæǵiaw"/>
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‘отменный’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>11–12</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Derived from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/> ‘trace’
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(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e404" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e479" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>pada-</w></mentioned>) with the suffix <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-k</hi>(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g</hi>); cf. the same suffix
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in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rong"/> etc. Ideosemantics of ‘trace’ —
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‘custom’ does not require special explanation; cf. Russian, on the one hand,
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there is <hi rendition="#rend_italic">след</hi> ‘trace’, on the other there is the verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">следует</hi> in the
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meaning ‘should’, ‘ought to’. In Iron <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædǵy</hi> is used in the meaning ‘should’,
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‘conventional’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">næ fædǵy</hi> ‘should not’, ‘not conventional’ (%i%bxūrnyg˳yldy
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fæstæ zyng dæddyn næ fædǵy%b%i ‘it is not customary to borrow fire after
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sunset’). These forms suggest as if there used to be a denominal verb
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fædǵyn</hi>. However, it is more probable that this word represents a fusion of
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the word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi> with the auxilary verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">un</hi> ‘be’. The word <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædg</hi>,
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fædk</hi> has a correspondence in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e411" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e486" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*padg-, *paδk-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (%ipdgʼ, рδkʼ,
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pδkh%i)</note>
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<gloss><q>custom</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e421" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e496" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>duty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e428" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e503" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>law</q></gloss></mentioned> (in buddhistic texts it is conveyed by
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e434" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e509" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dharma-</w>
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<gloss><q>law</q></gloss></mentioned>). There is not enough arguments in
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favour of relating this Iranian word to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e442" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e517" xml:lang="syr"><lang/>
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<w>ptq</w>
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<gloss><q>chart</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4989e450" xml:id="mentioned_d4989e525" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>πιττάχιον</w>
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<gloss><q>chart</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><biblScope>А. von <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain</hi>
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und <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Rachmati</hi>. Turkische Turfan-Texte <hi rendition="#rend_italic">6</hi> 72</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="en">А. von <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gabain</hi>. AIttürkische Grammatik. Leipzig, 1950, p.
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304</biblScope></bibl>). See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"/>
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‘trace’. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævæǵiaw"/> ‘excellent’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/><biblScope>11–12</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<note type="internal">надо вставить примеры в посткоммент к сенсгруп и потом уже все
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перевести // еще пример в этимологии!</note>
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</entry>
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||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |