514 lines
34 KiB
XML
514 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_wyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3712e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wyn</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>un</orth><form type="variant" subtype="parens"><orth>wun</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3712e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>быть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to be</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>wydtæn</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>adtæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я был</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ū</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>wo</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be (imperative)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>fæwyn</orth></form>
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<sense n="1">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>оказаться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>find oneself</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>деться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>disappear</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<sense n="2">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кончиться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>end</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>yswyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">become</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; служит для образования множества составных глаголов
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медиального и пассивного значения, которым соответствуют сочетания с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"><w>kænyn</w>
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<gloss><q>делать</q></gloss></ref> в активном значении: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230420T185936+0300" comment="другие теги?"?>wæj
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kænyn</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">продавать</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>a-wæj wyn</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">быть
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проданным</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
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<biblScope>§§ 142—147</biblScope></bibl>); ср. аналогичные функции глаголов <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>būdan</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>kardan</w></mentioned> в персидском. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wævyn"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_væjjyn"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; is used for derivation of many complex verbs with the
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medial and passive meaning, to which correspond the collocations with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kænyn"><w>kænyn</w>
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<gloss><q>to do</q></gloss></ref> in the active meaning: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><?oxy_comment_start author="админ" timestamp="20230420T185936+0300" comment="другие теги?"?>wæj
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kænyn</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">sell</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>a-wæj wyn</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">be
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sold</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
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<biblScope>§§ 142—147</biblScope></bibl>); cf. analagous functions of the verbs
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>būdan</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>kardan</w></mentioned> in Persian. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wævyn"/>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_væjjyn"/></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dælʒæx <oRef>fæū</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пропади!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сгинь!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be gone!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">scram!</q>
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</tr>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">окажись под землей</q></gloss>)</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">find yourself under the ground</q></gloss>)</note>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">styr læg myn <oRef>yswaj</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стань мне большим мужчиной!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be a big man for me!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(topp) īvtyǧd k˳y næ <oRef>wyd</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(ружье) ведь было не заряжено</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(a gun) was indeed not loaded</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dywwæ ( ævsymæry) dær ænæzænæg
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<oRef>wydysty</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">оба (брата) были бездетные</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">both (brothers) were childless</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nartæ <oRef>wydysty</oRef> tyxǵyn
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adæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты были могучие люди</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Narts were mighty people</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 20</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bazydton, ḱī <oRef>ū</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я узнал, кто он такой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[I] got to know who [he] is</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">су wa, ūj <oRef>wæd</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будь что будет!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">come what may!</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fos <oRef>wæd</oRef> bīræ, xos
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<oRef>wæd</oRef> aræx, xor <oRef>wæd</oRef> zad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">скота пусть будет много, сена пусть будет в
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изобилии, хлеб пусть уродится</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let there be a lot of cattle, let hay will be
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abundant, let bread grow</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Илас"/>
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<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱī kæj warzy, ūj jæ moj æn k˳y
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<oRef>waid</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о, если бы, кто кого любит, тот (любимый) и был
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ей мужем!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, if only every person in love with the other
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would get him (the loved one) as a husband!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...næwynon <oRef>wyʒystūt</oRef> æppæt
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adæmtæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...будете ненавидимы всеми народами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...you will be hated by all nations</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">24</hi> 9</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...cættæ <oRef>ūt</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будьте готовы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be ready</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">24</hi> 44</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fidæ raǧudi kodta biccewi omi næ un</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отец заметил, что мальчика там нет</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the father noticed that there was no boy</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 63</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæn næ xæssis dæ særmæ is-ænbal
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>un</oRef> næ kʼwaræn?</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">почему ты брезгаешь стать товарищем в нашей
|
|||
|
|
группе?</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why you disdain to become a comrade in our
|
|||
|
|
group?</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sozur"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæn padcaxi aficer <oRef>uni</oRef> bæsti
|
|||
|
|
saldat akkag adtoj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вместо царского офицера тебе подобало быть
|
|||
|
|
солдатом</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you better would be a soldier instead of being
|
|||
|
|
a tsar's officer</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 92</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">onæn næ <oRef>woʒænæj</oRef> æncon</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">им не будет легко</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it wouldn't be easy for them</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>wogæj</oRef> idardi, æz dæw mæ funi
|
|||
|
|
fæwwidton</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будучи далеко, я видел тебя во сне</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">being far away, I saw you in the dream</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Ӕмдз."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>13</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ nivesīnæ arvbæl kud <oRef>wa</oRef>, oj
|
|||
|
|
nin xucawæj rakoretæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">испросите у бога, чтобы наше изображение было
|
|||
|
|
на небе</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ask the God for making our image be on the
|
|||
|
|
sky</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>21<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4–5</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sturdær bælasæ ka <oRef>widæ</oRef>,... oj
|
|||
|
|
cid mæ usqi xaston</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">какое было побольше дерево, его я носил на
|
|||
|
|
плече</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I carried every big tree on my shoulder</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>26<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2–3</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bazurgin <oRef>iswotæ</oRef> æma
|
|||
|
|
tæxetæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">станьте крылатыми и летите</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">become winged and fly</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 94</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aci kustag wi ka razdær <oRef>fæwwa</oRef>, e
|
|||
|
|
wæ xwæzdær <oRef>fæwwæd</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто из вас раньше закончит эту работу, та пусть
|
|||
|
|
будет лучшей из вас</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let [the one] who would end the work earlier be
|
|||
|
|
the best of you</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>20<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">12–13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">В этом глаголе распознается, хотя и в сильно <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">размытом</q> виде, общеиндоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu</w>, <w type="rec">bheu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>быть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>становиться</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>146— 150</biblScope></bibl>), иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bu</w>, <w type="rec">baw</w></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Вс. Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 193—194</biblScope>)</bibl> писал: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">С некоторым риском решаемся предположить, что перед
|
|||
|
|
нами последняя ступень искажения индоевроп. корня <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu-</w></mentioned>... Звуковые искажения, постигшие корень <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu-</w></mentioned> на осет. почве, находят себе
|
|||
|
|
оправдание в употребительности этого глагола, которого формы поэтому более
|
|||
|
|
перетирались</q></quote>. Вс. Миллер рисует такую картину мыслимой фонетической
|
|||
|
|
эволюции: <w>bhavāni</w> (1-е лицо ед. числа конъюнктива) → <w type="rec">bavān</w> → <w type="rec">vavān</w> → <w type="rec">wäwān</w> → <w type="rec">wowān </w>→ <w type="rec">wuon</w> → <w>won</w>. По мнению <name>Bс. Mиллepa</name>, <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_wævyn"/> — лучше
|
|||
|
|
сохранившаяся форма того же <oRef/></q></quote>. В пользу этимологии <name>Bс.
|
|||
|
|
Mиллepa</name> можно указать на то, что и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu-</w></mentioned> и в других языках подвергалось разнообразному <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">перетиранию</q></quote>. Приводим некоторые
|
|||
|
|
соответствия: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>būdan</w>, (диал.) <w>boån</w>, <w>bian</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>būtan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>būn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>būag</w>, <w>bīaγ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>be</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>быть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>wu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>он был</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>viy</w>, <w>vəy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>быть</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>173</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>woc-</w> : <w>vud-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина._Вах."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vi-</w> : <w>vud</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>258</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vaw-</w> : <w>vid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-khufi"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vaw-</w> : <w>vud</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Соколова._Руш."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>271</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vεw-</w>, <w>væw-</w>, <w>vaw-</w> : <w>vəd</w>, <w>vůd</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>186</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vun-</w> : <w>vəd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>быть</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>245</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vin</w><gloss><q>я есмь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vad</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>я был</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Язг."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>4<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">31</hi></biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vu-</w> : <w>vuta</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>346</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">βaw-</w>, <w type="rec">βō</w>, (<w>βw-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>būδan</w> : <w>bav-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>67, 96, 115</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<m>vä-</m> (основа), <w>väte</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>он стал</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>194</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bavaiti</w> : <w>būta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bhavati</w> : <w>bhūta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>byti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>быть</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bùvo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>fuī</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>я был</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>be</w>, более старое <w>been</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>быть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bin</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>есмь</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. — Супплетивные формы — <oRef>d-æn</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>есмь</q></gloss>, д. <oRef>adtæn</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>я был</q></gloss> и др. — восходят к иран. <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>ah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>быть</q></gloss></mentioned>, и.е. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">es-</w></mentioned>. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wævyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_væjjyn"/>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 193</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>73—76</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Оранский"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>349</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">In this verb is recognized, although in a very <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">blurred</q> form, the Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu</w>, <w type="rec">bheu</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to be</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to become</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>146— 150</biblScope></bibl>), Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bu</w>, <w type="rec">baw</w></mentioned>. <bibl><author>Ws. Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 193—194</biblScope>)</bibl> wrote: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">With some risk, we decide to assume that this word is
|
|||
|
|
the last stage of the sound change of the Indo-European root <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu-</w></mentioned>... The sound changes occurred with the root
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu-</w></mentioned> in Ossetic may be
|
|||
|
|
explained by the frequency of this verb, the forms of which, thus, erased more and
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more</q></quote>. Ws. Miller paints the following picture of a possible phonetic
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evolution: <w>bhavāni</w> (1 person singular conjunctive form) → <w type="rec">bavān</w> →
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<w type="rec">vavān</w> → <w type="rec">wäwān</w> → <w type="rec">wowān </w>→ <w type="rec">wuon</w> → <w>won</w>. According to the opinion of <name>Ws. Miller</name>,
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_wævyn"/> is a
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better preserved form of the same word <oRef/></q></quote>. In favor of <name>Ws.
|
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Miller</name>'s etymology points the fact that Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">bhu-</w></mentioned> undergone various <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">erosions</q></quote> also in the other languages. We
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list some correpondences: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
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<w>būdan</w>, (dialectal) <w>boån</w>, <w>bian</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
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<w>būtan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
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<w>būn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
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<w>būag</w>, <w>bīaγ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
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<w>be</w>
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<gloss><q>to be</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>wu</w>
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<gloss><q>he was</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>viy</w>, <w>vəy</w>
|
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<gloss><q>to be</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
|
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<biblScope>173</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
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<w>woc-</w> : <w>vud-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина._Вах."/>
|
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<biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
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<w>vi-</w> : <w>vud</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Шугн."/>
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<biblScope>258</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
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<w>vaw-</w> : <w>vid</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh-x-khufi"><lang/>
|
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<w>vaw-</w> : <w>vud</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Соколова._Руш."/>
|
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<biblScope>271</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
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<w>vεw-</w>, <w>væw-</w>, <w>vaw-</w> : <w>vəd</w>, <w>vůd</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина_Сар."/>
|
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<biblScope>186</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
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<w>vun-</w> : <w>vəd</w>
|
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<gloss><q>to be</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
|
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<biblScope>245</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
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<w>vin</w><gloss><q>I am</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>vad</q></gloss>
|
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<gloss><q>I was</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Язг."/>
|
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<biblScope>4<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">31</hi></biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
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<w>vu-</w> : <w>vuta</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андреев._Ягн."/>
|
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<biblScope>346</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
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<w type="rec">βaw-</w>, <w type="rec">βō</w>, (<w>βw-</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
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<w>būδan</w> : <w>bav-</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ghilain"/>
|
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<biblScope>67, 96, 115</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
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|
<m>vä-</m> (a stem), <w>väte</w>
|
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<gloss><q>he became</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
|
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<biblScope>194</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>bavaiti</w> : <w>būta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
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<w>bhavati</w> : <w>bhūta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
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<w>byti</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
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<w>byt'</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
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<w>bùvo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>fuī</w>
|
|||
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|
<gloss><q>I was</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>be</w>, older <w>been</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>be</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>bin</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>am</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. — The suppletive forms — <oRef>d-æn</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>am</q></gloss>, Digor <oRef>adtæn</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>I was</q></gloss> etc. — go back to Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>ah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to be</q></gloss></mentioned>, Indo-European<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">es-</w></mentioned>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wævyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_væjjyn"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 193</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>73—76</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Оранский"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>349</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|