449 lines
29 KiB
XML
449 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xox</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xox" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d3894e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xox</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xonx</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3894e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>гора</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mountain</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">pl.
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</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">pl. </note><orth>xæxtæ</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwænxtæ</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xænxtæ</orth></form></form>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xoxag, xæxxon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">горный</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">higlandʼs</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>горский</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>highlanderʼs</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xoxræbyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подножье горы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mountain foot</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>wælxox</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нагорье</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">highlands</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>wædxox bydyr</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плоскогорье</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">plateau</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>возвышенность</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>elevation</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xoxbæste</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xæxbæstæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">горная страна</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mountain country</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>горная, гористая область</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mountainous region</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz rajgurdtæn <oRef>xoxy</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я родился в горах</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was born in the mountains</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū <oRef>xox</oRef> festadī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша обратился в гору</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man turned into a mountain</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">denǵyzy īs axæm læg æmæ <oRef>xoxæj</oRef>
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dær styldær ū</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в море есть такой человек, что больше даже
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горы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there is such a person in the sea that is
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higher than even the mountains</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 16</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæxbærzændtæj</oRef> jæ toppy qær
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ærvnærægaw q˳ystī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с горных вершин его ружейная пальба доносилась
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как гром небесный</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the mountain peaks his rifle fire came
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like thunder from heaven</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Erystaw-ældar bæstæ syzmælyn kodta
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<oRef>xoxæj</oRef>, bydyræj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Эристав-князь привел в движение (всю) область,
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горы и равнину</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Prince Eristav set in motion (the whole)
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region, mountains and plain</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xoxæj</oRef> bydyrmæ ralyǧdysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они переселились с гор на равнину</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they moved from the mountains to the plains</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xox</oRef> — ʒwarǵyn, bydyr —
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ældarǵyn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">горы изобилуют святилищами, равнина —
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князьями</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mountains abound with sanctuaries, the
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plain with princes</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 231</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">særdy næ fos <oRef>xoxmæ</oRef>
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sk’æræm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">летом мы гоним наш скот в горы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the summer we drive our cattle to the
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mountains</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 332</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Saw <oRef>xoxy</oRef> fyjjaw Ūrs
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<oRef>xoxmæ</oRef> ʒūry, wadynʒæj zary</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пастух Черной горы обращается к Белой горе,
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играет на свирели</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the shepherd of the Black Mountain addresses
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the White Mountain, plays the flute</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 486</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fænnæxstær uj Saw <oRef>xonxi</oRef>
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cʼoppmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он отправляется на вершину Черной горы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he goes to the top of Black Mountain</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>55<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">27—28</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xor <oRef>fæsxwænxtæ</oRef> fæjawwon
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æj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">солнце скрылось за горами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sun hid behind the mountains</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>44</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæsǧædæ bærzond istoncæ sæxe arvmæ bekʼæ gun
|
|||
|
|
saw <oRef>xwænxtæ</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">за лесом высоко подымались к небу островерхие
|
|||
|
|
черные горы</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">behind the forest, peaked black mountains rose
|
|||
|
|
high to the sky</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">co æma <oRef>xonxi</oRef> cæræ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">иди и живи в горах</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go and live in the mountains</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kauka-</w> (<w type="rec">kwaka</w>)</mentioned> со вторичным (неэтимологическим) <c>-n-</c> перед
|
|||
|
|
<c>x</c> в дигорском, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyx"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">funx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>печеный</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">paxwa-</w> ← <w type="rec">pakwa</w>)</mentioned>. Ср. неэтимологический <c>-n-</c>
|
|||
|
|
перед <c>h</c> в авестийском в таких словах как <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>vanhu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
вместо <w>vahu</w></mentioned> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Festschrift_Knobloch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>). Звукотип <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kouko-</w></mentioned> — звукоизобразительной (идеофонической) природы — охотно
|
|||
|
|
используется для обозначения <q>выпуклого</q>, <q>выступающего</q>, <q>торчащего</q> и т.
|
|||
|
|
п. На иранской почве ср.<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>as-khaukara-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>выступ</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(ср. ниже <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũkarus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>холм</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср. также ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼokʼosa"><w>kʼokʼosa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼokʼosa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сосуд из тыквы</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kokweč</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>хохол</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кокошь</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>курица</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>петух</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хохлатый</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кокошник</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>coq</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>петух</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũkas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>шишка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũkarus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>холм</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hauhs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hoch</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>высота</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же топоним <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Καύκασος</w> (<w>kaukas-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">асские горы</q></gloss>)</mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Элемент <c>as</c> здесь, возможно, идентичен с <c>as</c> в <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἀσία</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>Азия</q></gloss>)</mentioned>.</note> С идеофонами типа <c>Kk</c>
|
|||
|
|
конкурируют в этом же семантическом поле идеофоны типа <c>KP</c> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_III"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>331</biblScope></bibl>). К их числу относится <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaufa-</w> (← <w>kaupha-</w>) <gloss><q>гора</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūh</w></mentioned>. — Иронская форма <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>xox</w></mentioned> по огласовке представляет <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">дигоризм</q> (ожидали бы <w type="rec">xūx</w>); ср. и. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"><w>ræsuǧd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>красивый</q></gloss></ref> вместо <w type="rec">rasyǧd</w>. На звуковую
|
|||
|
|
историю слова могла повлиять контаминация с некоторыми дагестанскими лексемами: <mentioned xml:lang="aqc" extralang="ddo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>гора</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xonx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qwan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ǧwan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>скала</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>валун</q></gloss></mentioned>. В осетинских
|
|||
|
|
терминах горного пейзажа много кавказских элементов; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dūr"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼītī"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæj"/>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>942 XII 269</biblScope></bibl>) восстанавливает <oRef>xox</oRef> |
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xonx</oRef> в <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xwanxw</w></mentioned>* и,
|
|||
|
|
предполагая параллельную форму <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fanxw</w></mentioned>, сближает с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>fā̊nku-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вершина</q></gloss></mentioned>, этимологически неясным. Однако в этом случае
|
|||
|
|
мы имели бы в иронском <w type="rec">xoxx</w>, pl. <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">xæxxytæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">xænxitæ</w>, а не <oRef>xæxtæ</oRef> |
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xænxtæ</oRef>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæxx"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zæxx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zænxæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæxx">pl. <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zæxxytæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zænxitæ</w></ref>. Мы не говорим уже о неясности начального
|
|||
|
|
<c>f</c> в <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>fā̊nku-</w></mentioned>. — Слово распознается в некоторых личных именах: <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Χαύχαkos</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Корпус"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>№ 1287</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os">ос. <w>xoxag</w></mentioned>. В грузинской хронике упоминается <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><gloss>осетинский богатырь</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Xuanxua</w> (XI в.) <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/><biblScope>139,
|
|||
|
|
509</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> (XI в.). — Грузинский географ <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Вахушти</hi> (XVIII в.) <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><gloss>
|
|||
|
|
часть Кавказского хребта от горы Казбек до Касарской теснины реки Ардон</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
именует <w>Xoxis mta</w>, <w>Xoxis K’ark’asi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">География Грузии</title>. <pubPlace xml:base="ru">Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
|||
|
|
112—116</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
|
|||
|
|
112—116</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">It is traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kauka-</w>
|
|||
|
|
(<w type="rec">kwaka</w>)</mentioned> with secondary (non-etymological) <c>-n-</c>
|
|||
|
|
before <c>x</c> in Digor, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyx"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">funx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>baked</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">paxwa-</w> ← <w type="rec">pakwa</w>)</mentioned>. Cf. non-etymological <c>-n-</c>
|
|||
|
|
before <c>h</c>in Avestan in words like <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>vanhu-</w> instead of
|
|||
|
|
<w>vahu</w></mentioned>, etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Festschrift_Knobloch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>). The sound type <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kouko-</w></mentioned>of ideophonic nature readily used to denote
|
|||
|
|
<q>convex</q>, <q>protruding</q>, <q>sticking out</q> etc. On Iranian basis, cf.
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>as-khaukara-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ledge</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment">(see below <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũkarus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Consider also Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼokʼosa"><w>kʼokʼosa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cone</q></gloss></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kʼokʼosa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>gourd jar</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kokweč</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>crest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кокошь</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>chicken</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rooster</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">crested</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>кокошник</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>coq</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>rooster</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũkas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>cone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaũkarus</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hauhs</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hoch</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>height</q></gloss></mentioned>. Related is also <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Καύκασος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w>(kaukas-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Ass mountains</q></gloss>)</mentioned>.<note type="footnote">The element <c>as</c> here is possibly identical with <c>as</c> in
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>Ἀσία</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>Азия</q></gloss>)</mentioned>.</note> Ideophones of the type <c>Kk</c>
|
|||
|
|
compete semantically with ideophones of the type <c>KP</c> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_III"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>331</biblScope></bibl>). These include <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaufa-</w> (← <w>kaupha-</w>) <gloss><q>mountain</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kūh</w></mentioned>. — The Iranian form <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>xox</w></mentioned> is <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Digorism</q> by vocalic
|
|||
|
|
features (one would expect <w type="rec">xūx</w>); cf. Iron <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræsuǧd"><w>ræsuǧd</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>beautiful</q></gloss></ref> instead of <w type="rec">rasyǧd</w>. The sound
|
|||
|
|
history of the word could be affected by contamination with some Dagestan lexemes:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="aqc" extralang="ddo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hill</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>xonx</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>qwan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ǧwan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>rock</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>boulder</q></gloss></mentioned>. There are many
|
|||
|
|
Caucasian elements in the Ossetiс terms of the mountain landscape; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dūr"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼītī"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæj">zæj</ref>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Morgenstierne</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_NTS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>942 XII 269</biblScope></bibl>) reconstructs <oRef>xox</oRef> |
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xonx</oRef> in <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xwanxw</w></mentioned>*
|
|||
|
|
and, assuming a parallel form <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fanxw</w></mentioned>, relates it to <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>fā̊nku-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>summit</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is etymologically obscure. However, in
|
|||
|
|
this case Iron would have <w type="rec">xoxx</w>, pl. <w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">xæxxytæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor">xænxitæ</w>, and not <oRef>xæxtæ</oRef> |
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>xænxtæ</oRef>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæxx"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zæxx</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zænxæ</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zæxx">pl. <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">zæxxytæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">zænxitæ</w></ref>. We are not even talking about the ambiguity
|
|||
|
|
of the initial <c>f</c> in <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>fā̊nku-</w></mentioned>. — The word is recognized in some personal names: <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Χαύχαkos</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Корпус"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>№ 1287</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang>Ossetic </lang><w>xoxag</w></mentioned>. The Georgian chronicle mentions
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><gloss>an Ossetian hero</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Xuanxua</w> (XI в.) <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Андроникашвили"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>139, 509</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> (XI в.). — The Georgian
|
|||
|
|
geographer <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Vakhushti</hi> (XVIII century) names
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><gloss>the part of the Caucasus Range from Mount Kazbek to the
|
|||
|
|
Kassar Gorge of the Ardon River</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Xoxis mta</w>, <w>Xoxis K’ark’asi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Geografija Gruzii [Geography of
|
|||
|
|
Georgia]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1941</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 112—116</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
|
|||
|
|
112—116</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|