191 lines
15 KiB
XML
191 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">adæm</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_adæm" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231220T112419+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5540e66" type="lemma"><orth>adæm</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5540e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5540e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>люди</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>people</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5540e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>народ</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>nation</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5540e89">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e91">
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<quote><oRef>adæmy</oRef> farn bīræ ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>фарн народа велик</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_farn"><foreign>farn</foreign></ref>
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of the people is great</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 189</biblScope><note type="comment">, ср. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl></note></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e110">
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<quote><oRef>adæmæn</oRef> sæ ræsūǧd wættæ qarmæj, rajʒastæj læwwync</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у людей красивые комнаты стоят теплые, светлые</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>people’s beautiful rooms are [lit. stand] warm, filled with light</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e129">
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<quote>iron <oRef>adæm</oRef></quote>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231220T111441+0300" comment="по кавычкам как будто это re"?>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">осетинский народ</q>
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</abv:tr><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Ossetian nation</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e148">
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<quote>æmæ jæ fædyl cydīs bīræ <oRef>adæm</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>и следовало за Ним множество народа</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>there followed him great multitudes of people</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi> 25</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e167">
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<quote><oRef>adæm</oRef> tærxon kænyn rajdydtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>народ стал судить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the people started to judge</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e187">
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<quote><oRef>adæm</oRef> fæsabyr sty</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>народ затих</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the peopled calmed down</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5540e206" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>sæ astæw <oRef>adæmtæ</oRef> bacudæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>между ними вошли (посредниками) люди</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>between them came people (as intermediaries)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_LQ"/><biblScope>III
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38</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e317" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e231" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa trk"><lang/>
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<w>ādam</w>
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<gloss><q>человек</q></gloss></mentioned>. Слово распространено по всему
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Кавказу: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e325" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e239" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>adamiani</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e329" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e244" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e249" xml:lang="dar"><w>adamili</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e337" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e252" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>adamina</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e341" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e258" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>ʽadam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e347" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e263" xml:lang="av"><w>ʽadan</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e265" xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e353" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e269" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>. Ср. также: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e358" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e274" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>ādam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Залеман</author>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
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<biblScope>1907, стр. 537</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e367" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e284" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>ādam</w>
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<gloss><q>человек</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>люди</q></gloss></mentioned>. В
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осетинском неоформленное <oRef>adæm</oRef> имеет значение не индивида, а
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коллектива: <gloss><q>люди</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>народ</q></gloss>, и уже
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отсюда, с помощью суффикса <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-ag</m></mentioned>,
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образовано понятие <gloss><q>человек</q></gloss>; аналогичную картину мы находим
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в племенных названиях: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætær"><w>tætær</w>
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<gloss><q>татары</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætæjrag"><w>tætæjrag</w>
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<gloss><q>татарин</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒy"><w>g˳yrʒy</w>
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<gloss><q>грузины</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>gurʒiag</w>
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<gloss><q>грузин</q></gloss></ref>, и т. п.; объясняется это, несомненно,
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тем, что в осознании людей той эпохи, которую отражает в данном случае
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осетинский язык, понятие коллектива было первичным, а понятие индивида —
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вторичным.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e231" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e317" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa trk"><lang/>
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<w>ādam</w>
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<gloss><q>person, human being</q></gloss></mentioned>. The word is
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widespread all over the Caucasus: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e239" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e325" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>adamiani</w></mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e244" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e329" xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e334" xml:lang="dar"><w>adamini</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e252" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e337" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>adamina</w></mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e258" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e341" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>ʽadam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e263" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e347" xml:lang="av"><w>ʽadan</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d5540e349" xml:lang="inh" extralang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e269" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e353" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
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<w>adam</w></mentioned>. Compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e274" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e358" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>ādam</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Salemann</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/>
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<biblScope>1907, p. 537</biblScope></bibl>) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5540e284" xml:id="mentioned_d5540e367" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>ādam</w>
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<gloss><q>person, people</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">adæm</hi> without suffixation refers not to an
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individual, but to a group: <gloss><q>people</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>nation</q></gloss>. The word for <gloss><q>person</q></gloss> is
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derived from this root using the suffix <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-ag</m></mentioned>. A similar situation is observed for tribal or
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national names: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætær"><w>tætær</w>
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<gloss><q>the Tatars</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tætæjrag"><w>tætæjrag</w>
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<gloss><q>a Tatar</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒ"><w>g˳yrʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>the Georgians</q></gloss></ref> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_g0yrʒiag"><w>g˳yrʒiag</w>
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<gloss><q>a Georgian</q></gloss></ref>, etc. The explanation for this is
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doubtlessly that in the conscience of the people of earlier times, which is in
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this case reflected in the Ossetic language, the concept of a group was primary,
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and the concept of an individual was secondary.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
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<author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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