244 lines
17 KiB
XML
244 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">læggad</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
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<p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
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</publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_læggad" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<form xml:id="form_d291e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>læggad</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d291e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>læggadæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d291e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d291e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>услужение</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>servitude</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d291e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>прислуживание</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>attendance</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d291e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>услуга</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>service</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_læggad_kænyn">
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<form xml:id="form_d291e105" type="lemma"><orth>læggad kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d291e108"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прислуживать, служить кому-либо</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">attend to, serve smb.</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_læggadgænæg">
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<form xml:id="form_d291e123" type="lemma"><orth>læggadgænæg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d291e126"><sense xml:id="sense_d291e127"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">прислуживающий</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">attendant</q>
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</tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d291e138"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>слуга</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>servant</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d291e150">
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<example xml:id="example_d291e152">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">de ‘znag dyn <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">balæggad kænæd</ref></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть враг твой послужит тебе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let your enemy serve you</q>
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</tr>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">пожелание,
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которым благодарят за оказанную услугу</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">a wish that is
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used as gratitude for a service rendered</note>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e178">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">būznyg, ne ‘fsīntæ, wæ
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<oRef>læggadæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">спасибо, наши хозяйки, за ваши услуги</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thank you, our ladies, for your service</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 304</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e202">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>læggædtæ</oRef> dyn cæmæj
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bafīdʒynæn?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чем я отплачу тебе за твои услуги?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with what can I repay you for your
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services?</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e222">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">axæm ḱynʒ kæm wyʒænīs, mænæn mæ fag <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">læggad</ref> ḱī <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">bakæna</ref>?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где будет такая невестка, которая могла бы мне
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достаточно услужить?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where will there be such a bride that could
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serve me enough?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e251">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dīssag wyd, ūj bærc sæ fysym k˳yd axxæstī
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ūjas ʒyllætyl xyncynæj, <oRef>læggadæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">удивительно, как у хозяина хватило (средств),
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чтобы угостить и обслужить такое множество народа</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it is a wonder how the master had enough
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(means) to entertain and serve such a multitude</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e276">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ fæcī, næ dæ <oRef>læggad</oRef>
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wæǧdy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нет, не пропали даром твои услуги</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no, your services have not been in vain</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Xar._Zærdæ"/>
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<biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e301">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arfæ kænyn we ‘ppætæn dær, abon mæ mæg˳yr
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myggagæn ḱī <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggad_kænyn">balæggad kodta</ref></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">благодарю вас всех, кто сегодня послужил нашему
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бедному роду</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I thank you all, who served our poor clan
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today</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>111</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e326">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældar… dywwæ ḱyzǵy bawyrædta jæxīcæn <ref type="xr" target="#re_læggadgænæg">læggadgænǵytæ</ref></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">алдар назначил двух девушек себе служанками</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the <foreign>ældar</foreign> appointed two
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girls to be his maids</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>78</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e353">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">utæppæt binontæn læggadgænæg wyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на всю семью он был слугою</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for all the family he was a servant</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d291e376" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iwazægæn læggadæ ǧæwuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">гостю подобает услужение</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">service befits a guest</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Производное от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
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<gloss><q>человек</q></gloss></ref> с помощью форманта отвлеченности <m xml:lang="os">-ad</m> и с удвоением конечного <c>-g</c>, как в ряде других случаев (см. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
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<biblScope>§ 1982</biblScope></bibl>). Образование по структуре и семантике совершенно
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аналогично <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e535" xml:id="mentioned_d291e416" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>hommage</w>
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<gloss><q>выполнение вассалом долга перед сюзереном</q>, <q>покорность</q>,
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<q>почтение</q>, <q>дань уважения</q></gloss></mentioned> от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e550" xml:id="mentioned_d291e431" xml:lang="fr"><w>homme</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e555" xml:id="mentioned_d291e436" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>homo</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>человек</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(cp.: <bibl><author><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pisani</hi></author>. <title>Etimologia</title>. <pubPlace>Milano</pubPlace>,
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<date>1947</date>, <biblScope>стр. 169 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
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Возможно, что слово <oRef/>, как и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e582" xml:id="mentioned_d291e463" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>hommage</w></mentioned>, восходит к феодальной эпохе и отражает старое значение слова
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
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<gloss><q>человек низшего сословия</q>, <q>раб</q></gloss></ref> , наличное в ряде
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кавказских языков (см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"/>). С упадком феодализма в
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Осетии значение <gloss><q>крестьянин</q>, <q>вассал</q></gloss> эволюционировало в сторону
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<gloss><q>человек</q>, <q>мужчина</q></gloss>, но чувствуется еще в <oRef/>. В пользу
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предлагаемого разъяснения говорит и то, что в дигорском в значении
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<gloss><q>услужение</q></gloss> употребляется (рядом с <oRef>læggadæ</oRef>) также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lægʒīnad"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">lægʒīnadæ</w></ref>, обычно
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означающее <gloss><q>мужество</q></gloss>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e623" xml:id="mentioned_d291e504" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<phr>lægʒīnadæ kænuncæ kæsægi ældærttæn</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">они прислуживают кабардинским
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князьям</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(из материалов Г. Кокиева)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Derivate from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
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<gloss><q>man</q></gloss></ref> using the abstract suffix <m xml:lang="os">-ad</m> and
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gemination of final <c>-g</c>, as in a number of other cases (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
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<biblScope>§ 1982</biblScope></bibl>). In its structure and meaning, the derivation is
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completely analogous to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e416" xml:id="mentioned_d291e535" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>hommage</w>
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<gloss><q>fulfilment of a vassal’s duty to his sovereign</q>, <q>submission</q>,
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<q>respect</q>, <q>homage</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e431" xml:id="mentioned_d291e550" xml:lang="fr"><w>homme</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e436" xml:id="mentioned_d291e555" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>homo</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>man</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(cf.: <bibl><author><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pisani</hi></author>. <title>Etimologia</title>. <pubPlace>Milano</pubPlace>,
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<date>1947</date>, <biblScope>pp. 169f.</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
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The word <oRef/>, like <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e463" xml:id="mentioned_d291e582" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>hommage</w></mentioned>, may go back to the feudal era and reflect the older meaning
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of the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"><w>læg</w>
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<gloss><q>man of lower social class</q>, <q>slave</q></gloss></ref>, found in a number
|
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of Caucasian languages (see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_læg"/>). With the decline
|
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of feudalism in Ossetia, the meaning <gloss><q>peasant</q>, <q>vassal</q></gloss> evolved
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towards <gloss><q>person</q>, <q>man</q></gloss>, but is still felt in <oRef/>. Also in
|
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favour of the proposed explanation is the fact that in Digor, the meaning
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<gloss><q>service</q></gloss> is expressed (alongside <oRef>læggadæ</oRef>) by <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lægʒīnad"><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">lægʒīnadæ</w></ref>, which
|
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normally means <gloss><q>courage</q></gloss>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d291e504" xml:id="mentioned_d291e623" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
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<phr>lægʒīnadæ kænuncæ kæsægi ældærttæn</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">they are serving the Kabardian
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princes</q></gloss>
|
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<note type="bibl">(from the records of G. Kokiev)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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