190 lines
18 KiB
XML
190 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nūk</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_nūk" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d823e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>nūk</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d823e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>nokæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d823e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>желоб</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>chute</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d823e82">
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<form xml:id="form_d823e84" type="lemma"><orth>k˳yrojy nūk</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d823e87"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">желоб, подводящий воду к мельничной турбине
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(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_calx"/>)</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">chute leading water to a mill turbine (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_calx"/>)</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в горной Осетии обычно выдалбливается из цельного
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ствола дерева и имеет около 3—4 м в длину и около 30 см в диаметре. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Вода, сбегая по крутому, выдолбленному в бревне желобу
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(<oRef>nūk</oRef>), поступает в нижний этаж мельницы, ударяется о лопасти и приводит
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ось во вращательное движение</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Коста._Этн."/>
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<biblScope>15—16</biblScope></bibl>).</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in mountainous Ossetia, it is usually hollowed out from
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a single tree trunk and is about 3—4 m long and about 30 cm in diameter. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">water running down a steep chute hollowed out in a log
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(<oRef>nūk</oRef>), enters the lower floor of the mill, hits the blades and sets the
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axis in rotational motion</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Коста._Этн."/>
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<biblScope>15—16</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d823e131">
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<example xml:id="example_d823e133">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">naræg <oRef>nūḱy</oRef> don ūrsbarc
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æxsærʒænaw zǧory k˳yrojy calxmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в узком желобе вода белогривым водопадом бежит
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к мельничной турбине</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in a narrow chute, water runs like a
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white-maned waterfall to a mill turbine</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1972 VII 62</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e451" xml:id="mentioned_d823e161" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">nawaka-</w></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e457" xml:id="mentioned_d823e167" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>nāw</w>
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<gloss><q>желоб</q></gloss>, (диал.) <gloss xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>nawōk</w></gloss>,
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<gloss xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>nüög</w></gloss>, <gloss xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>nox</w></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>,
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<title>Locustʼs leg. Studies in honour of Taqi-zadeh</title>,
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<pubPlace>London</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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79</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e488" xml:id="mentioned_d823e198" xml:lang="ckb-x-kndln"><lang><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220616T184105+0300" comment="Языка нет в списке"?>кандулан<?oxy_comment_end ?></lang>
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<w>nāūwā</w>
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<gloss><q>ausgehöhlte Baumstämme, die als Wasserleitung für die Wassermühlen
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dienen</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>,
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<biblScope>Abt. III, Bd. II, стр. 269</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e504" xml:id="mentioned_d823e216" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>nāokhā</w>
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<gloss><q>сточная канава</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Soane</author>.
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<title>Kurdish Grammar</title>. <date>1913</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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198</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e524" xml:id="mentioned_d823e235" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из перс.?)</note>
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<w>nāwa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e533" xml:id="mentioned_d823e244" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(из тадж.?)</note>
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<w>nōw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e541" xml:id="mentioned_d823e252" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>nawogo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e546" xml:id="mentioned_d823e257" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>nawoɣo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e551" xml:id="mentioned_d823e262" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>nәwok</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e556" xml:id="mentioned_d823e267" xml:lang="wbl"><lang>пам. в.</lang>
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<w>nū</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lorimer"/>
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<biblScope>II 149</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>желоб</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/></bibl> (loc. cit.), отмечая, что <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e576" xml:id="mentioned_d823e287" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>nāw</w> означает <gloss><q>желоб</q></gloss> и <gloss><q>корабль</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>судно</q></gloss></mentioned>, отождествляет эти два слова, поскольку
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примитивное судно, как и желоб, было не чем иным, как выдолбленным бревном. Осетинские
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факты противостоят такому отождествлению: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_naw"><w>naw</w>
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<gloss><q>корабль</q></gloss></ref> и <oRef>nūk</oRef>
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<q>желоб</q> несводимы одно к другому. В <ref type="xr" target="#entry_naw"><w>naw</w></ref> имеем исконно долгий <c>а</c> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e606" xml:id="mentioned_d823e317" xml:lang="ine"><lang>и.е.</lang>
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<w type="rec">nāu-</w></mentioned>), исключающий стяжение <c>aw</c> → <c>o</c> →
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<c>u</c>; не известно ни одного случая такого стяжения; группа <c>āwa</c> регулярно дает
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в дигорском <c>awæ</c>, в иронском <c>wa</c> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nwar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nwar</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nawær</w> ← <w>snāwar-</w></ref>); из <c>nāwaka-</c> имели бы
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соответственно <w xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="rec">nwak(-g)</w>
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<w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220616T185241+0300" comment="Если ставить диалект, не проставляется астериск"?>nawæk<?oxy_comment_end ?>(-g)</w>,
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но не <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nūk</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nok</w>. Поэтому ос. <oRef>nūk</oRef> приходится возводить к
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e654" xml:id="mentioned_d823e365" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">nawaka-</w></mentioned> с кратким <c>а</c> (ср.
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стяжение <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e660" xml:id="mentioned_d823e371" xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">nawadasa-</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"/>). Может быть, следует исходить из индоиранского
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e667" xml:id="mentioned_d823e378" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220616T185527+0300" comment="Можно ли здесь ставить тэг иран.?"?>naw<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
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<gloss><q>двигаться</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e676" xml:id="mentioned_d823e387" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>navidan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e681" xml:id="mentioned_d823e392" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
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<w>naw-</w>
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<gloss><q>двигаться</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_APAW"/>
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<biblScope>1936, стр. 55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e699" xml:id="mentioned_d823e409" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>navate</w>
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<gloss><q>двигается</q></gloss></mentioned>. В этом случае исходное значение
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рассматриваемой группы слов было бы <q>течение</q>, <q>поток</q>; ср. для семантики
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e712" xml:id="mentioned_d823e422" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>millrace</w>
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<gloss><q>мельничный желоб</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e720" xml:id="mentioned_d823e430" xml:lang="en"><w>mill</w>
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<gloss><q>мельница</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e726" xml:id="mentioned_d823e436" xml:lang="en"><w>race</w>
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<gloss><q>быстрое движение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>быстрое течение</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>поток</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e161" xml:id="mentioned_d823e451" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">nawaka-</w></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e167" xml:id="mentioned_d823e457" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>nāw</w>
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<gloss><q>chute</q></gloss>, (dial.) <gloss xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>nawōk</w></gloss>,
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<gloss xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>nüög</w></gloss>, <gloss xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>nox</w></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>,
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<title>Locustʼs leg. Studies in honour of Taqi-zadeh</title>,
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<pubPlace>London</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope>p.
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79</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e198" xml:id="mentioned_d823e488" xml:lang="ckb-x-kndln"><lang/>
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<w>nāūwā</w>
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<gloss><q>ausgehöhlte Baumstämme, die als Wasserleitung für die Wassermühlen
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dienen</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>,
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. II, p.
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269</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e216" xml:id="mentioned_d823e504" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>nāokhā</w>
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<gloss><q>gutter</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Soane</author>.
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<title>Kurdish Grammar</title>. <date>1913</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
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198</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e235" xml:id="mentioned_d823e524" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from Persian?)</note>
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<w>nāwa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e244" xml:id="mentioned_d823e533" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(from Tajik?)</note>
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<w>nōw</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e252" xml:id="mentioned_d823e541" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>nawogo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e257" xml:id="mentioned_d823e546" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>nawoɣo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e262" xml:id="mentioned_d823e551" xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>nәwok</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e267" xml:id="mentioned_d823e556" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>nū</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Lorimer"/>
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<biblScope>II 149</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<gloss><q>chute</q></gloss></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/></bibl> (loc. cit.), notes that <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e287" xml:id="mentioned_d823e576" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>nāw</w> means <gloss><q>chute</q></gloss> as well as <gloss><q>boat</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>ship</q></gloss></mentioned> and identifies these two words, since a
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primitive vessel, as well as a chute, was nothing more than a hollowed out log. Ossetic
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facts are a counterargument to this identification: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_naw"><w>naw</w>
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<gloss><q>ship</q></gloss></ref> and <oRef>nūk</oRef>
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<q>chute</q> cannot be reduced to each other. IN <ref type="xr" target="#entry_naw"><w>naw</w></ref> there is an original long vowel <c>a</c> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e317" xml:id="mentioned_d823e606" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">nāu-</w></mentioned>) blocking contraction <c>aw</c> → <c>o</c> →
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<c>u</c>; not a single case of such contraction is known; the cluster <c>āwa</c> regularly
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corresponds to Digor <c>awæ</c>, Iron <c>wa</c> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nwar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nwar</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nawær</w> ← <w>snāwar-</w></ref>); <c>nāwaka-</c> would have
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given rise to <w xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="rec">nwak(-g)</w>
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<w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220616T185241+0300" comment="Если ставить диалект, не проставляется астериск"?>nawæk<?oxy_comment_end ?>(-g)</w>,
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respectively, but not to <w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nūk</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nok</w>. That is why Ossetic <oRef>nūk</oRef> should be traced
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back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e365" xml:id="mentioned_d823e654" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">nawaka-</w></mentioned> with short
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<c>a</c> (cf. contraction <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e371" xml:id="mentioned_d823e660" xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">nawadasa-</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nūdæs"/>). Maybe one should
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start from Indo-Iranian <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e378" xml:id="mentioned_d823e667" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220616T185527+0300" comment="Можно ли здесь ставить тэг иран.?"?>naw<?oxy_comment_end ?></w>
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<gloss><q>move</q></gloss></mentioned>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e387" xml:id="mentioned_d823e676" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>navidan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e392" xml:id="mentioned_d823e681" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
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<w>naw-</w>
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<gloss><q>move</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_APAW"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">1936, p. 55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e409" xml:id="mentioned_d823e699" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>navate</w>
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<gloss><q>moves</q></gloss></mentioned>. In this case, the original meaning of the group
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of words in question would be <q>flowing</q>, <q>flow</q>; for semantics, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e422" xml:id="mentioned_d823e712" xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>millrace</w>
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<gloss><q>mill chute</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e430" xml:id="mentioned_d823e720" xml:lang="en"><w>mill</w>
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<gloss><q>mill</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d823e436" xml:id="mentioned_d823e726" xml:lang="en"><w>race</w>
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<gloss><q>fast movement</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rapid current</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>flow</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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