abaevdict/abaev-xml
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions
abaev-xml/entries/abaev_qadaman.xml

171 lines
13 KiB
XML
Raw Normal View History

Initial BaseX export
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qadaman</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_qadaman" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d1528e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qadaman</orth><form xml:id="form_d1528e68" type="variant"><orth>-tæ</orth></form></form>
<form xml:id="form_d1528e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>qadama</orth><form xml:id="form_d1528e73" type="variant"><orth>-tæ</orth></form></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d1528e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d1528e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>кандалы</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>shackles</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1528e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>оковы</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>chains</q>
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1528e96">
<example xml:id="example_d1528e98">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qadamanty qær yssydī; saldættæ axæstyty
rakodtoj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раздался звон кандалов; солдаты вывели
заключенных</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the shackles rang; the soldiers brought out the
prisoners</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d1528e121">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæv qadamantæ æmæ nyppyrx oj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бей по оковам, чтобы они разбились</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">hit the shackles so that they break</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d1528e144">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ īs mæ zardyl qadaman ændonæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на моей песне нет стальных оков</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are no steel shackles on my song</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d1528e167">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræ xættyty bast ærcyd qadamantæj æmæ
ræxystæj, fælæ īw atydta jæ ræxystæ æmæ īw nyssasta jæ qadamantæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">многократно был он скован оковами и цепями, но
разрывал цепи и разбивал оковы</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he had been often bound with fetters and
chains, and the chains had been plucked asunder by him, and the fetters broken in
pieces</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
<biblScope>5 4</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d1528e190" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nissastan qadamati dogæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы сломили эру оков (рабства)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we have broken the era of shackles
(slavery)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Ӕмдз."/>
<biblScope>3</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e356" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e219" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>qadana</w>
<gloss><q>кандалы</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>II 310</biblScope></bibl>, со ссылкой: <bibl><author>Scheich
Suleiman</author>. <title>Tschagataich-Osmanisches Worterbuch</title>.
<biblScope>Constantinopel, 1298 [хиджры]</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>qadane</w>
<gloss><q>деревянные ножные оковы</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl"><bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
<biblScope>677</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>. Непосредственным источником
Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
<biblScope> II 115</biblScope></bibl>) считает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e401" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e264" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>qadamá</w></mentioned>. В доступных нам источниках мы такого слова не встретили (ср.
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e406" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e269" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
<w>buǧow</w>
<gloss><q>кандалы</q>, <q>оковы</q></gloss></mentioned>). Замена <c>n</c> → <c>m</c>
могла быть результатом контаминации с арабским (вошедшим и в некоторые тюркские языки)
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e421" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e284" xml:lang="ar"><w>qadam</w>
<gloss><q>нога</q></gloss></mentioned>. Насколько можно судить, <w>qadana</w> на
тюркской почве не этимологизируется. Возможно, что первоисточник — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e429" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e292" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
<w>qaidāni</w>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(двойств. ч. от <w>qaid</w>)</note>
<gloss><q>узы</q>, <q>оковы</q></gloss></mentioned>, откуда и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e444" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e307" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
<w>кайданы</w></mentioned> и, далее, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e450" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e313" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>кандалы</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
<biblScope>I 517</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Старым заимствованием из
семитского является, быть может, и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e462" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e325" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>catena</w>, чаще мн. ч. <w>catenae</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e332" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
<w>catena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e474" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e337" xml:lang="es"><lang/>
<w>cadena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e479" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e342" xml:lang="frp"><lang/>
<w>cadenas</w>
<gloss><q>цепи</q>, <q>оковы</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e219" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e356" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
<w>qadana</w>
<gloss><q>shackles</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>II 310</biblScope></bibl>, with a link to: <bibl><author>Scheich
Suleiman</author>. <title>Tschagataich-Osmanisches Worterbuch</title>.
<biblScope>Constantinopel, 1298 [hijras]</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <w>qadane</w>
<gloss><q>wooden leg shackles</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl"><bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
<biblScope>677</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>. Ws. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Miller</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
<biblScope> II 115</biblScope></bibl>) considers the direct source to be <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e264" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e401" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
<w>qadamá</w></mentioned>. We have not found such a word in the sources available to us
(cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e269" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e406" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar" extralang="krc-x-karachay"><lang/>
<w>buǧow</w>
<gloss><q>shackles</q>, <q>chains</q></gloss></mentioned>). The substitution <c>n</c> →
<c>m</c> could be the result of contamination with Arabic (included in some Turkic
languages) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e421" xml:lang="ar"><w>qadam</w>
<gloss><q>foot</q></gloss></mentioned>. As far as can be judged, <w>qadana</w> is not
etymologized using the Turkic background. It is possible that the original source is
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e292" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e429" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
<w>qaidāni</w>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(dual from <w>qaid</w>)</note>
<gloss><q>bonds</q>, <q>chains</q></gloss></mentioned>, where <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e307" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e444" xml:lang="uk"><lang/>
<w>kajdany</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e313" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e450" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w>kandaly</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
<biblScope>I 517</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> come from. The old borrowing
from Semitic may be <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e325" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e462" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>catena</w>, more often plural form <w>catenae</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e332" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e469" xml:lang="it"><lang/>
<w>catena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e337" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e474" xml:lang="es"><lang/>
<w>cadena</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1528e342" xml:id="mentioned_d1528e479" xml:lang="frp"><lang/>
<w>cadenas</w>
<gloss><q>chains</q>, <q>fetters</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
Reference in a new issue Copy permalink