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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rīvad</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
<p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_rīvad" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d4218e68" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>rīvad</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d4218e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>revæd</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d4218e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>свободный</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>free</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>порожний</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>empty</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>лишенный чего-либо</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>deprived of something</q>
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
<re xml:id="re_d4218e103">
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в иронском встречается редко, главным образом в
сочетании с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"><w>k˳yroj</w>
<gloss><q>мельница</q></gloss></ref>: </note>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">rare in Iron, mostly in combination with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_k0yroj"><w>k˳yroj</w>
<gloss><q>mill</q></gloss></ref>: </note>
<form xml:id="form_d4218e123" type="lemma"><orth>rīvad k˳yroj</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d4218e126"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свободная (не загруженная зерном) мельница</q>
</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">free (not loaded with grain) mill</q>
</tr></sense>
</re>
<re xml:id="re_d4218e139" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в дигорском весьма употребительно и функционирует как
синоним <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
<w>aftid</w>
<gloss><q>порожний</q></gloss></ref>;</note>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">very common in Digor, it functions as a synonym of <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aftid" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
<w>aftid</w>
<gloss><q>empty</q></gloss></ref>;</note>
<form xml:id="form_d4218e163" type="lemma"><usg><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T120937+0300" comment="не поставился пробел"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?></usg><orth>revæd
kænun</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d4218e170"><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e171"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">освобождать</q>
</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rid</q>
</tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4218e182"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>опорожнять</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>empty</q>
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d4218e194">
<example xml:id="example_d4218e196">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yroj <oRef>rīvadæj</oRef> fæzyld</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мельница вертится порожней (незагруженной
зерном)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mill spins empty (unloaded with grain)</q>
</tr>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; это выражение
применяется образно к болтуну и соответствует русскому <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">пустомеля</q></note>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">; this expression
is applied figuratively to a chatterbox and corresponds to the Russian <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T125123+0300" comment="что делать?"?>pustomjelja<?oxy_comment_end ?></q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20220719T114453+0300" comment="надо подробнее писать?"?>
(from <q>empty</q> + <q>grind</q>)<?oxy_comment_end ?></note>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e235">
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yroj <oRef>arīvad</oRef>: ærmæftaw cas
læxūrīnag ū, cæ!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мельница быстро освободилась (от зерна): много
ли нужно, чтобы смолоть <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærmæftaw"><w>ærmæftaw</w></ref>!</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the mill was quickly freed (of grain): not much
is needed to grind <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærmæftaw"><w>ærmæftaw</w></ref>!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
<biblScope>157</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e266" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">osongæ ew ʒævgar læwwuj
<oRef>revædæj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шалаш некоторое время остается пустым</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the hut remains empty for some time</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e293" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ka <oRef>revæd</oRef> wærdunæj wadæj xumtæmæ,
ka ba lasta nartxwar</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто порожняком (<q>с порожней арбой</q>) спешил
на поля, кто вез (оттуда) кукурузу</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">someone hurried to the fields empty (<q>with an
empty cart</q>), someone was carrying corn (from there)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
<biblScope>II 28</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e325" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batraz fingæmæ fællæburdta æma ʽj ʒurdi
saxatmæ <oRef>rarevæd</oRef> kodta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Батраз накинулся на <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"><w>fing</w></ref> (накрытый треножный стол) и мгновенно (<q>в
мгновение слова</q>) опустошил его</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batraz fell upon a <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyng"><w>fing</w></ref> (set tripod table) and emptied it
instantly (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">in the moment of a word</q>)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e365" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>revæd</oRef> fingæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">ненакрытый,
порожний стол</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_singlequotes">empty, not set
table</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e392" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæjug… fælliǧdæj <oRef>revædæj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">великан убежал ни с чем</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the giant ran away with nothing</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
<biblScope>15</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e419" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xurʒintæ <oRef>ærrevæd</oRef> kodta zærond
osæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старуха освободила хурджины</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old woman unloaded the saddlebags</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1949 II 30</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e447" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæwmæj izærmæ cawæni fæxxætgæj, æz fællad æma
<oRef>revæd</oRef> kʼoxæj cudtæn næ wotærmæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с утра до вечера пробродив на охоте, я усталый
и с пустыми руками возвращался в наш кутан</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wandering on the hunt from morning to evening,
tired and empty-handed I returned to our
<?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T130132+0300" comment="надо пояснить?"?>kutan<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1958 III 28</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e478" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ ewnægæj <oRef>revædæj</oRef>
bajzadtæn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я осталась лишенная моего единственного
(сына)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I was left deprived of my only (son)</q>
</tr>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e501" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220407T094845+0300" comment="такое слово? в пдф плохо видно"?>ærtæ<?oxy_comment_end ?>
farastkʼoxon bæxbæddæni læg <oRef>revædæj</oRef> nekæd fæwwidtaidæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">три девятируких коновязи человек не мог увидеть
свободными</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a man could not see three nine-handed (for nine
horses) hitching posts free</q>
</tr>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (т. е. всегда
были привязаны лошади, всегда было много гостей)</note>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (i.e. horses
were always tied, there were always many guests)</note>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1940 III 50</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:id="example_d4218e540" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">se sturdær ixæsbæl nimajuncæ araqi gæbæt
<oRef>revæd</oRef> kænun</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(они) считают своим первейшим долгом опорожнить
бурдюк с аракой</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they consider it their first duty to empty the
leather bottle of araka</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
<biblScope>280<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e656" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e574" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fraivata-</w></mentioned> и примыкает к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e660" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e578" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>prīvātus</w>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(более старая форма <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e667" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e585" xml:lang="la"><w>preiuat-</w></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
<biblScope>811</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e676" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e594" xml:lang="la"><w>prīvāre</w>
<gloss><q>лишать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>освобождать</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(по значению равно ос. <oRef>revæd
kænun</oRef>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e690" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e608" xml:lang="la"><w>privus</w>
<gloss><q>отдельный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лишенный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>не
имеющий</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же германская группа: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4218e620"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e708" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e621" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
<w>freis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e713" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e626" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
<w>fréo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e718" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e631" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>frei</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>свободный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e726" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e640" xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
<w>rhydd</w>
<gloss><q>свободный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ввиду отсутствия надежных иранских
соответствий <oRef>rīvad</oRef> следует рассматривать в ряду сепаратных лексических встреч
осетинского с европейскими языками (см. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>).</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Regularly traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e574" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e656" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fraivata-</w></mentioned> and is adjacent to<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e578" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e660" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>prīvātus</w>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(older form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e585" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e667" xml:lang="la"><w>preiuat-</w></mentioned>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ernout-Meillet"/>
<biblScope>811</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e594" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e676" xml:lang="la"><w>prīvāre</w>
<gloss><q>deprive</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>free</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(the meaning is equal to Ossetic <oRef>revæd
kænun</oRef>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e608" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e690" xml:lang="la"><w>privus</w>
<gloss><q>separate</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>deprived</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>not
having</q></gloss></mentioned>.
<?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220413T130633+0300" comment="так?"?>Germanic<?oxy_comment_end ?>
group is also related: <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4218e707"><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e621" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e708" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
<w>freis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e626" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e713" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
<w>fréo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e631" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e718" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>frei</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>free</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4218e640" xml:id="mentioned_d4218e726" xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
<w>rhydd</w>
<gloss><q>free</q></gloss></mentioned>. Due to the lack of reliable Iranian
correspondences, <oRef>rīvad</oRef> should be considered among the separate lexical
encounters of Ossetic with European languages (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/></bibl>).</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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