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abaev-xml/entries/abaev_skʼ0ynyn.xml

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2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">skʼ˳ynyn</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_skʼ0ynyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d2884e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>skʼ˳ynyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>skʼ˳yd</orth></form></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(æ)skʼunun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>(æ)skʼud</orth></form></form>
<sense n="1">
<sense xml:id="sense_d2884e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>рвать</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>tear</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>разрывать</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>rip</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<sense n="2">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>истреблять</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>exterminate</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>syskʼ˳ynyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">истребить</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">destroy</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tajmūrazy warzonʒīnady ræxystæ
<oRef>askʼ˳ynyn</oRef>, atonyn jæ bon næ wyd</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разорвать, расторгнуть цепи любви к Таймуразу
она была не в силах</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she could not break the chains of love for
Taimuraz</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">me ʽvsymær æmæ wæ xojy kæræʒījæ k˳y fæxīcæn
kænaj, wæd dyn <oRef>æskʼ˳ynʒynæn</oRef> dæ kʼūbal</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если ты разлучишь моего брата и вашу сестру, я
перерву тебе шею</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">If you separate my brother and your sister, I
will break your neck</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
<biblScope>III 21</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæn dæ cægær sær qwamæ būlkʼaw
<oRef>syskʼ˳ynon</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твою плешивую голову я должен оторвать, как
редьку</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have to tear off your bald head like a
radish</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
<biblScope>239</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dyson næ jæfs bæx jæ bændæn
<oRef>askʼ˳ydta</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вчера ночью наша кобыла порвала свою веревку
(привязь)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">last night our mare broke her rope (leash)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>47</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ læg kæīmædær fæxyl, æmæ jyn jæ sær
<oRef>askʼ˳ydtoj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твой муж с кем-то подрался, и ему разбили
голову</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">your husband got into a fight with someone, and
his head was smashed</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
<biblScope>II 301</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æfson syn wyd Kobety myggag
<oRef>bynyskʼ˳yd</oRef> yskænyn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у них был повод истребить в конец род
Кобеевых</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they had a reason to exterminate the Kobeyev
family</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ycaw,... ūj qæbūlty dy
<oRef>syskʼ˳yn</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Боже, ... истреби его детей</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">God, ... destroy his children</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
<biblScope>II 273</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wardta æxsævæ
<oRef>ænæskʼungæj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ночью дождь лил непрерывно</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">it rained continuously at night</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Неотделимо от <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>skunoti</w>, <w>skunāti</w>
<gloss><q>роется</q>, <q>разгребает</q></gloss>, <w>ā-sku-noti</w>
<gloss><q>дробит на куски</q></gloss>, <w>ni-ṣkāvam</w>
<gloss><q>разрывая в клочья</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. далее <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>skutara-</w>
<gloss>эпитет злого духа Ахримана</gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">истребитель</q></gloss>?)</note></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>sku-</w>, <w>skau-</w> : <w>skuta-</w>
<gloss><q>трогать</q>, <q>осязать</q></gloss>, <w>bu-ṣkuta</w>
<gloss><q>разрыв</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>skōyəl</w>
<gloss><q>скрести</q>, <q>чесать</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">[но <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"><name>Morgenstierne</name> (EVP </ref>
<biblScope>67</biblScope>)</bibl> возводит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skābaya-</w></mentioned>]</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>skusti</w>
<gloss><q>скрести</q></gloss>, <w>skùtas</w>
<gloss><q>рвань</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Назальная основа <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>skun-</m>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><oRef>skʼ˳unun</oRef></note>
<gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned> противостоит безназальной <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>sku-</m>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0yjyn"><w>skʼ˳ujun</w></ref></note>
<gloss><q>рваться</q></gloss></mentioned> как переходная (каузативная)—медиальной; такое
же отношение имеем в паре <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"><w>ixsyiyn</w>
<q>истощаться</q></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsynyn"><w>xsynyn</w>
<q>глодать</q></ref>. Здесь осетинский сохраняет весьма древнюю черту; использование
назальных основ в переходном (каузативном) значении в корреляции с безназальными в
медиальном значении (<bibl><author>Kuiper</author>. <title>Die ig. Nasalpräsentia. Ein
Versuch zu einer morphologischen Analyse</title>. <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
<date>1937</date></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
<biblScope>III 152</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Герценберг</author>. <title>Язык
хотаносакских буддийских памятников</title>.
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221013T163156+0300" comment="это куда девать?"?>Автореф. дисс.<?oxy_comment_end ?>
<pubPlace>Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>стр. 15</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
<biblScope>VI 255, 368</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">It is unseparable from <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>skunoti</w>, <w>skunāti</w>
<gloss><q>digs</q>, <q>shovels</q></gloss>, <w>ā-sku-noti</w>
<gloss><q>crushes into pieces</q></gloss>, <w>ni-ṣkāvam</w>
<gloss><q>tearing to shreds</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. further <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>skutara-</w>
<gloss>the epithet of the evil spirit Ahriman</gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">exterminator</q></gloss>?)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>sku-</w>, <w>skau-</w> : <w>skuta-</w>
<gloss><q>touch</q>, <q>feel</q></gloss>, <w>bu-ṣkuta</w>
<gloss><q>gap</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>skōyəl</w>
<gloss><q>scrub</q>, <q>scratch</q></gloss>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">[but <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"><name>Morgenstierne</name> (EVP </ref>
<biblScope>67</biblScope>)</bibl> traces it back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">skābaya-</w></mentioned>]</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
<w>skusti</w>
<gloss><q>scratch</q></gloss>, <w>skùtas</w>
<gloss><q>rags</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230202T101042+0300" comment="????"?>nasal stem<?oxy_comment_end ?>
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>skun-</m>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><oRef>skʼ˳unun</oRef></note>
<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> is opposed to the stem <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>sku-</m>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"><ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼ0yjyn"><w>skʼ˳ujun</w></ref></note>
<gloss><q>become torn</q></gloss></mentioned> without nasal consonats, like as a
transitive (causative) oposes medial; the same relation is found in the pair <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ixsyjyn"><w>ixsyiyn</w>
<q>get thin</q></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsynyn"><w>xsynyn</w>
<q>gnaw</q></ref>. Here Ossetic retains a very ancient feature; using the stems with
nasal consonants in transitive (causative) meaning in correlation with non-nasal stems in
the medial meaning (<bibl><author>Kuiper</author>. <title>Die ig. Nasalpräsentia. Ein
Versuch zu einer morphologischen Analyse</title>. <pubPlace>Amsterdam</pubPlace>,
<date>1937</date></bibl>).<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
<biblScope>III 152</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Herzenberg</author>. <title>The language of Saka Buddhist
monuments</title>. Dissertation abstract<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221013T163156+0300" comment="это куда девать?"?>.<?oxy_comment_end ?>
<pubPlace>Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1966</date>, <biblScope>p.
15</biblScope></bibl></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._KhT"/>
<biblScope>VI 255, 368</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
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