178 lines
14 KiB
XML
178 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">twas</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_twas" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d3562e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>twas</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>twasæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3562e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>шило</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>awl</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>twas</oRef> zynæj xīzy acy
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gærzy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">шило с трудом проходит в этот ремень</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the awl hardly fits into this belt</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totyraʒ arxajy <oRef>twas</oRef>, bæxsnyg,
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teman æmæ ʒæbūgæj — æmpʼūzy jæ cyryqqytæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Тотрадз орудует шилом, дратвой, большой иглой и
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молотком — чинит свои сапоги</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Totradz wields an awl, a shoe-thread, a large
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needle and a hammer – he is repairing his boots</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">alli brigadæmæ dær ǧæwama fagæ wa listæg
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kosænʒawmawtæ...: temantæ, <oRef>twæstæ</oRef>, rast æma kʼæʒtæ, arǧævnæ...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у каждой бригады должен быть мелкий рабочий
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инструмент...: большие иглы, шила, прямые и кривые, клещи...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">each team should have small working tools...:
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large needles, awls, straight and curved, pincers...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
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<biblScope>245<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">3</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θwārštra-</w>
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<note type="comment">(→ <w type="rec">θwāštra-</w> → <w>twasæ</w>)</note></mentioned>,
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от глагола <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θwars-</w>
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<gloss><q>работать острым орудием</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>θwarəs-</w>
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<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ваять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>upa-θwarəs-</w>
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<gloss><q>делать отверстие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>upa-θwarəsa-</w>
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<gloss><q>брешь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отверстие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>upa-θwarštī-</w>
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<gloss><q>пробивание отверстия</q></gloss></mentioned>. Группа <c>str</c> (<c>štr</c>)
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дает в осетинском <c>s</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs"><w>ræs</w>
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<gloss><q>напильник</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rastra-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xos"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xos</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xwasæ</w>
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<gloss><q>сено</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hu-vāstra-</w></mentioned></note></ref> и др. Формант <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-tra-</m> (<m>-θra-</m>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<m>-tro-</m></mentioned> — обычная примета названий орудий (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
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<biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 252–253, 488</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
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<biblScope>II § 517</biblScope></bibl>). За пределами авестийского и осетинского
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надежных соответствий не видно
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230111T122350+0300" comment="а что мы с этими скобками делаем?"?>[<?oxy_comment_end ?>cp.:
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<bibl><author>Otrębski</author>, <title>Lingua Posnaniensis</title>
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<biblScope>I 350</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>I 539</biblScope>
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<note type="comment">(s.v.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230111T122522+0300" comment="правильные символы?"?><w>Tvastā</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></bibl>.
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— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1102</biblScope></bibl>]. Древность слова на осетинской почве поддерживается
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древностью реалий. <cit>
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230111T122745+0300" comment="правильно оформлена цитата?"?>В<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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савроматских, преимущественно женских, Могилах часто встречаются шилья, выкованные
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обычно из железа, иногда костяные, иногда бронзовые</q></quote>
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<bibl>(<author>Смирнов</author>. <title>Савроматы</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
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<date>1964</date>, <biblScope>стр. 107)</biblScope>)</bibl>
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</cit>. <mentioned xml:lang="xas"><lang>Камас.</lang>
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<w>büstöš</w>
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<gloss><q>шило</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
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<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> представляет, по-видимому,
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скрещение <mentioned xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
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<w>bis</w>, <w>bes</w>
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<gloss><q>шило</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лезвие</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>острие</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jarring"/>
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<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> с <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">twaš</w>
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<gloss><q>шило</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Regularly goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θwārštra-</w>
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<note type="comment">(→ <w type="rec">θwāštra-</w> → <w>twasæ</w>)</note></mentioned>,
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from the verb <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">θwars-</w>
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<gloss><q>work with a sharp tool</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>θwarəs-</w>
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<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>sculpt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>upa-θwarəs-</w>
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<gloss><q>make a hole</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>upa-θwarəsa-</w>
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<gloss><q>breach</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>hole</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>upa-θwarštī-</w>
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<gloss><q>hole punching</q></gloss></mentioned>. The group <c>str</c> (<c>štr</c>) gives
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in Ossetic <c>s</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræs"><w>ræs</w>
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<gloss><q>file</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">rastra-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xos"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xos</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xwasæ</w>
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<gloss><q>hay</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hu-vāstra-</w></mentioned></note></ref> etc. The formant <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><m>-tra-</m> (<m>-θra-</m>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<m>-tro-</m></mentioned> is the usual marker of the names of tools (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
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<biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 252–253, 488</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
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<biblScope>II § 517</biblScope></bibl>). Outside of the Avestan and Ossetic, reliable
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correspondences are not visible
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230111T122350+0300" comment="а что мы с этими скобками делаем?"?>[<?oxy_comment_end ?>cf.:
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<bibl><author>Otrębski</author>, <title>Lingua Posnaniensis</title>
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<biblScope>I 350</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>I 539</biblScope>
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<note type="comment">(s.v.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230111T122522+0300" comment="правильные символы?"?><w>Tvastā</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></bibl>.
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— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>1102</biblScope></bibl>]. The antiquity of the word in Ossetic is supported
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by the antiquity of realities. <cit>
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<quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T235343+0300" comment="правильно оформлена цитата?"?>In<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T235408+0300" comment="это савроматские?"?>Sarmatian<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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mostly female, graves, awls are often found, usually forged from iron, sometimes
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bone, sometimes bronze.</q></quote>
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<bibl> (<author>Smirnov</author>. <title>Savromaty</title> [Sauromates].
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<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p.
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107</biblScope>)</bibl>
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</cit>. <mentioned xml:lang="xas"><lang/>
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<w>büstöš</w>
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<gloss><q>awl</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
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<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> appears to be a
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230313T235502+0300" comment="скрещение?"?>crossing<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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of <mentioned xml:lang="alt"><lang/>
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<w>bis</w>, <w>bes</w>
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<gloss><q>awl</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>blade</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>point</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jarring"/>
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<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> with <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">twaš</w>
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<gloss><q>awl</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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