abaev-xml/entries/abaev_carm.xml
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<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">carm</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_carm" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d5914e66" type="lemma"><orth>carm</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d5914e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d5914e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>шкура</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>fell</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5914e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>кожа</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>skin</q>
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5914e89">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5914e91">
<quote>bastyǧtoj ruvasæn jæ carm</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>содрали с (мертвой) лисицы шкуру</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>[they] peeled the skin from fox's hide</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/><biblScope>290</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5914e110">
<quote>galʒarm sæ wælæ</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>на них шкура быка</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>there is bull skin on them</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5914e129">
<quote>tærqūsʒarm sæ byny tyd</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>заячья шкура постлана под ними</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>hare skin is spread under them</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5914e148">
<quote>lægʒarm tænæg ū</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>человеческая кожа тонка</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>human skin is thin</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5914e167" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>caræj fidi æxsæn ralæstæj</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>она пролезла между кожей и мясом</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>she crawled between skin and meat</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
77</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d5914e190">
<quote>fusʒarm xodæ, bijnag ronæ…</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>в шапке из овечьей шкуры, с войлочным поясом</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>in a sheepskin cap, with a felt belt</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/><biblScope>97</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e327" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e212" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>*čārman-</w>
<gloss><q>шкура</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e220" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
<gloss><q>кожа</q></gloss></mentioned>, c отпадением конечного -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">an</hi>-, как
в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærm"/> ‘яма’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/> ‘петля’ и др. Ср.<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e345" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e230" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>carman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e351" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e236" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čarm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e356" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e241" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>čarm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e361" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e246" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
<w>carm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e366" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e251" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>*čarm (črm)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e371" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e256" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>čarman-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e376" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e261" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>čarman-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1951, стр.
41</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e389" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e274" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>čarəman-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e394" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e279" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>čarman-</w>
<gloss><q>шкура</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e402" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e287" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
<w n="0">чрѣмъ</w>
<gloss><q>шатер</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e410" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e296" xml:lang="os" extralang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>cærmin</w>
<gloss><q>кожаный</q></gloss></mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e418" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e304" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čarmin</w></mentioned>. — О технике обработки кожи у осетин см. под
словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yldyǧ"/>. Нерасчлененность значений ‘шкура’
и ‘кожа’ говорит о том, что кожевенное производство не достигло значительного
развития.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 78</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>18,
161</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e212" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e327" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w>*čārman-</w>
<gloss><q>fell</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e220" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e335" xml:lang="ira"><w/>
<gloss><q>skin</q></gloss></mentioned>, with the loss of the final -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">an</hi>-,
like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wærm"/> hole, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/> loop etc. Cf.<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e230" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e345" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
<w>carman</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e236" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e351" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čarm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e241" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e356" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>čarm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e246" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e361" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
<w>carm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e251" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e366" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>*čarm (črm)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e256" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e371" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>čarman-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e261" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e376" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>čarman-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">1951, p. 41</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e274" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e389" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>čarəman-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e279" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e394" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>čarman-</w>
<gloss><q>fell</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e287" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e402" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
<w>črěmъ</w>
<gloss><q>tent</q></gloss></mentioned>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e296" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e410" xml:lang="os" extralang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>cærmin</w>
<gloss><q>(made of) leather</q></gloss></mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5914e304" xml:id="mentioned_d5914e418" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>čarmin</w></mentioned>. — See the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_yldyǧ"/> for the technique of leather working in Ossetia .
The indivisibility of meanings fell and skin shows that leathermaking has
not reached significant development.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 78</biblScope></bibl>;
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>18, 161</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
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