abaev-xml/entries/abaev_xūrx.xml
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xūrx</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_xūrx" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d3306e66" type="lemma"><orth>xūrx</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d3306e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>горло</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>throat</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>глотка</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>gorge</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xūrx kænyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">душить</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">choke</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xūrxyl nyxxæcyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">схватить за горло</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">catch by the throat</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xūrxæj maryn</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мучить</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tortue</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> также</note>
<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> also</note>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>душить</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>choke</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xūrxawynʒæntæ</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бронхи</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bronchiae</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>xūrxwadynʒ</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">голосовые связки</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">vocal cords</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(bīræǧæn) ony stæg <oRef>xūrxy</oRef>
nynnyxstī</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(у волка) застряла в глотке лопаточная кость
(поедаемого животного)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the scapular bone (of the animal being eaten)
is stuck in the throat of a wolf</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bændæn jæ <oRef>xūrxyl</oRef> ærvæʒæg
aværdta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">петлю веревки накинула себе на горло</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">put a noose of rope around her throat</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æǧǧæd næ <oRef>xūrxæj</oRef> mar!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не мучай нас больше!</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not torture us anymore!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kūsartæn jæ <oRef>xūrxyl</oRef> kard k˳y
rbaværaj, wæd ma ūj dær jæ wængtæ atīly</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">даже закалываемое животное, когда приставишь
ему нож к горлу, шевельнет членами</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even a slaughtered animal, when you put a knife
to its throat, moves</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæxī kʼuxæj dæ <oRef>nyxxūrx</oRef>
kænʒynæn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">задушу тебя собственными руками</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I will strangle you with my own hands</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
<biblScope>176</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bærgæ ma <oRef>xūrxbæstytæ</oRef> kodta jæxī
Farizet</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">порывалась еще удушить себя Фаризет</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Farizet tried to suffocate herself</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...jæ bæx — ældary, jæxī tajyn awynʒgæ jæ
<oRef>xūrxæj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...коня его — князю, а самого повесить за
горло</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...his horse — to the prince, and hang him by
the throat</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
<biblScope>II 89</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xorxæj</oRef> dæ maræn</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы тебя задушим</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we will choke you</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
<biblScope>1934 III—IV 84</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn avd wæjugi mæ <oRef>xorx</oRef> fusi
<oRef>xorxaw</oRef> ævgærdgæ kænʒænæncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мне семь великанов перережут горло как
барану</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seven giants will cut my throat as if I was a
lamb</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
<biblScope>3<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">12—13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kuj jibæl æxe niccavta ma jin æ
<oRef>xorxbæl</oRef> fæxxwæstæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">собака бросилась на него и схватила его за
горло</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the dog rushed at him and grabbed him by the
throat</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
<biblScope>157</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...<oRef>xorxæj</oRef> mæ mabal cæǧda</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...чтоб он больше не мучил меня</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...so that he does not torment me anymore</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
<biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Соответствия находим в самых различных языках. В индоевропейских:
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṛka-</w>
<gloss><q>горло</q></gloss>, <w>kṛkāṭa-</w>
<gloss><q>Halsgelenk</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
<w>krъkъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
<w>krk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w type="rec">ркъ</w>, <w>корк</w></mentioned>
<note type="comment">(<bibl type="bibl"><author>Трубачев</author>.
<title>Этимологические исследования по русскому языку, вып. II</title>.
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope>стр.
39</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non" extralang="no"><lang/>
<w>kverk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv-x-dial"><lang/>
<w>kwärk</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>горло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>gurges</w>
<gloss><q>пучина</q></gloss>, <w>gurgulio</w>
<gloss><q>глотка</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(→ <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Gurgel</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>; другие романские языки (<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
<w>gorge</w></mentioned> и пр.) позволяют восстановить формы <w type="rec">gurga</w> и
<w type="rec">gurgus</w> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Meyer-Lübke"/>
<biblScope>№№ 3921, 3923</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>kʼ окord</w>
<note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">kʼorkʼ ord?</w>)</note>
<gloss><q>горло</q></gloss></mentioned>. В кавказских: <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<w>xorxi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
<w>xurxi</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>горло</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
<biblScope>VIII 1497</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Климов"/>
<biblScope>261</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>qharqh</w>
<note type="bibl">(<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230419T205650+0300" comment="нет в списке
"?><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="">Чарая
37</ref><biblScope/></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></mentioned>,
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>qərqə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>qurq</w></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ногма"/>
<biblScope>I 178</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
<w>qurq</w> id.</mentioned> В финских: <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
<w>kurkku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
<w>kurk</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>горло</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
<biblScope>I 245</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
<w>korǵa</w>, <w>kirga</w>
<gloss><q>шея</q>, <q>горло</q></gloss>, <w>kurgońa</w>
<gloss><q>горлышко</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<w>gyrk</w>
<gloss><q>утроба</q></gloss></mentioned>. <name>Штакельберг</name>, приводя некоторые из
этих слов, справедливо замечает: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Doch können
sämmtliche hier angeführte Bildungen lautnachahmend und unabhängig von einander
entstanden</q></quote> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>). Действительно, бесполезно было бы для всех
приведенных форм искать какое-то единое происхождение или гадать о путях заимствования из
одних языков в другие. Они могли в каждом языке возникнуть независимо на основе единого
звукосимволического образа (звукотип <w>KRK</w> || <w>GRG</w>). Не случайно, что
большинство приведенных форм включено в <bibl><title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Опыт сравнения ностратических языков</q></title>
<name>Иллича-Свитыча</name> (<biblScope>т. I, М., 1971, стр.
235—236</biblScope>)</bibl>. Если можно говорить об идеофонических универсалиях, то
наименование горла — одно из них.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
<biblScope>II 54, 74, III 148</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Correspondences are found in a variety of languages. In Indo-European:
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṛka-</w>
<gloss><q>throat</q></gloss>, <w>kṛkāṭa-</w>
<gloss><q>Halsgelenk</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
<w>krъkъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cs"><lang/>
<w>krk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
<w type="rec"><?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230630T192335+0300" comment="в пдф первая английская, так правда должно быть?"?>k<?oxy_comment_end ?>ъrkъ</w>,
<w>kork</w></mentioned>
<note type="comment">(<bibl type="bibl"><author>Trubačev</author>.
<title>Ètimologičeskie issledovanija po russkomu jazyku, vyp. II</title>.
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope>p.
39</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="non" extralang="no"><lang/>
<w>kverk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv-x-dial"><lang/>
<w>kwärk</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>throat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
<w>gurges</w>
<gloss><q>abysm</q></gloss>, <w>gurgulio</w>
<gloss><q>gorge</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(→ <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Gurgel</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>; other Romanian languages (<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
<w>gorge</w></mentioned> etc.) allow to reconstruct the form <w type="rec">gurga</w> and
<w type="rec">gurgus</w> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Meyer-Lübke"/>
<biblScope>№№ 3921, 3923</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>kʼ окord</w>
<note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">kʼorkʼ ord?</w>)</note>
<gloss><q>throat</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Caycasian: <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<w>xorxi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xmf" extralang="lzz"><lang/>
<w>xurxi</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>gorge</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Груз._сл."/>
<biblScope>VIII 1497</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Климов"/>
<biblScope>261</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
<w>qharqh</w>
<note type="bibl">(<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230419T205650+0300" comment="нет в списке
"?><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="">Чарая
37</ref><biblScope/></bibl><?oxy_comment_end ?>)</note></mentioned>,
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
<w>qərqə</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
<w>qurq</w></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ногма"/>
<biblScope>I 178</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="agx"><lang/>
<w>qurq</w> id.</mentioned> In Finnish languages: <mentioned><mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
<w>kurkku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="et"><lang/>
<w>kurk</w></mentioned>
<gloss><q>throat</q></gloss></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
<biblScope>I 245</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-mordvin"><lang/>
<w>korǵa</w>, <w>kirga</w>
<gloss><q>neck</q>, <q>throat</q></gloss>, <w>kurgońa</w>
<gloss><q>spout</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
<w>gyrk</w>
<gloss><q>womb</q></gloss></mentioned>. <name>Stackelberg</name>, rightly remarks,
quoting some of these words: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Doch können
sämmtliche hier angeführte Bildungen lautnachahmend und unabhängig von einander
entstanden</q></quote> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>). Indeed, it would be useless to look for some common
origin for all the given forms or to guess about the ways of borrowing from one language
to another. They could arise independently in each language on the basis of a single
sound-symbolic image (sound type <w>KRK</w> || <w>GRG</w>). It is no coincidence that most
of the above forms are included in <bibl><title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Opyt
sravnenija nostratičeskix jazykov</q></title> by <name>Illič-Svityč</name>
(<biblScope>vol. I, Moscow, 1971, p. 235—236</biblScope>)</bibl>. If we can talk about
ideophonic universals, then the name of the throat is one of them.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
<author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
<biblScope>II 54, 74, III 148</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>